Knjiga otkrivenja i Knjiga o Danielu

The Biblical book of Daniel is believed to have been written in a similar manner to the book of Revelation. Indeed, in many places, it clearly resonates with it. However, according to historians, the book of Daniel was created much earlier than the book of Revelation, according to the new chronology [reconstruction of historical events established by Fomenko and Nosovsky], the scenario is reversed. as we have seen, the Revelation was written not earlier than 1486 [see more about it here] ​since the horoscope [zodiak] of 1486 was included in it. On the other hand, the book of the prophet Daniel was likely created significantly later. The biblical book of Daniel probably first emerged in the second half of the 16th century. And the version that has come down to us likely dates back even to a later time, to the beginning of the 17th century. This clarifies why the interconnection between the Revelation and the book of Daniel points to the fact that it was Daniel who drew his imagery from the Revelation, not the other way around. Let’s provide a few examples of clear similarities between the book of Daniel and the book of Revelation.

The Revelation says:

„The beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority. ” Revelation 13:2

The book of Daniel retells this passage with these words:

„After this I beheld, and lo another, like leopard which had upon the back of it four wings of a fowl; the beast had also four heads; and dominon was given to it. ” Daniel 7:6

The Revelation says:

„And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns… And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies.” Revelation 13:1,5

The book of Daniel echoes the Revelation:

„And behold a fourth beast, dreadfull and terrible, and strong exceedingly… and his ten horns… in this horn were… a mouth speaking great things.” Daniel 7:7-8

And so on and so forth, The close kinship between the book of Daniel and the book of Revelation is well known. In the Scaliger chronology, it lacks a satisfactory explanation. In the new chronology, everything falls into place. The book of Revelation was written around 1486 A.D. the book of Daniel, however, is later work, dating back to the 16th and 17th centuries. Moreover, it turns out that there are other clearly late medieval books attributed to the prophet Daniel. A prominent example is the so-called The Daniel’s Final Vision.

The Daniel’s Final Vision did not make it into any modern biblical canons and had never been published until recently. The reason is that it clearly contradicts the contemporary chronology in many places. After all, Daniel is considered an Old Testament prophet who supposedly lived long before the birth of Christ. But how can we understand the fact that the geographical names used in his prophecy are purely medieval? The rite of baptism is even mentioned. All of this unequivocally places Daniel’s Old Testament prophecy in the medieval Christian era. However, the Scaligerian chronology is incapable of accommodating such a shift. It crumbles under its weight.

The following excerpt from The Daniel’s Final Vision is quoted from a Church Slavonic manuscript held in the manuscript department of the Russian State Library.

When Fomenko and Nosovsky attempted to access this manuscript in the State Library in 1992, they encountered significant difficulties. This is how it unfolded. One of the authors, Gleb Nosovsky, was registered in the manuscript department at the time. With a library card from the manuscript department, Nosovsky requested to be given the aforementioned manuscript. In response, he was told that this was not possible. In the manuscript department, there is a rule that if a manuscript is taken by someone and left on the storage shelf, it will remain there for four months during which it will not be given to anyone else. Fortunately, at that time, an acquaintance of Nosovsky, Maria Borisova, worked at the lending desk. She kindly agreed to provide the manuscript for a brif examination. When the manuscript was finally handed over, and Nosovsky saw its book card, he was astonished. It turned out that over the last 20 years, it had been handed to one and the same person exclusively. This individual only needed to come to the library once every four months to secure possession of the manuscript for a lifetime. Before that, the manuscript had been secured by another historian for approximately the same amount of time. And so on. An extraordinary pattern emerged. It appears that historians have the ability to make any inconvenient manuscript completely inaccessible to the public. Formally, it remains in the library, supposedly available to the public, but it will not be given to anyone. This is because it is associated with a particular historian, in this case, for the past 20 years. The fact that this historian has not bothered to publish the manuscript over the course of 20 years is inconsequential. The manuscript will still not be released. Such a procedure, which existed in the manuscript department of the State Library prior to 1992 and likely continues to exist there, effectively amounts to an unofficial prohibition an outsiders accessing various ancient sources. This prohibition is not accidental at all. It us simply necessary for historians who are wary of allowing outsiders access to unpublished ancient manuscripts because they understand that such manuscript might contain information that sharply contradicts Scaligerian version of history. Some historians, regardless of whether this version is true or not, may see the defense of it as meaningful to their existence.

The Daniel’s final vision was transcribed by hand by Gleb Nosovsky in the reading room of the manuscript department in 1992. in this Old Testament prophecy, medieval European nations are directly named Russians, Tatars, and Ishmaelites. The Ishmaelites and the Ethiopians are refered to as Tatars. Furthermore, there is explicit mention of the Christian rite of baptism. The well-known medieval city of Thessaloniki, or Salonika, is also refered to. Towards the end of the prophesy, distinctly Christian expression are used, including a mention of the Antichrist. On other hand, it’s worth reiterating that this text is attributed to the Old Testament prophet Daniel, who supposedly lived in a Pre-Christian era, long before the beginning of the Common Era [a calendar system that begins in the year 1, which is traditionally considered the year of the birth of Jesus Christ].

The Final Vision of the Holy Prophet Daniel

Thus says the Lord Almighty: woe to you, earth, when the angelic scepter reigns within you. Then the Lord Almighty commanded one of His angels, saying to him: descend to the earth and take from it truth and peace, and cause people to consume one another. And He sent other angels and commanded one of them: go to the northern islands: let your number be 1144, for two parts must be overthrown there, and the third part taken. And to another, He said: go to the western lands and let your number be 1200, for two parts must be overthrown there, and the third part taken. And to the third angel, He said: go to Asia and Phrygia [ancient kingdom in west-central Anatolia, modern Turkey], and Galatia [ancient area in central Anatolia, modern Turkey], and Cappadocia [modern Turkey], and Syria, and to the very Mother of cities, and let your number be 1360, for two parts must be overthrown there, and the third part taken.

Woe to you, earth, from torment, for the Lord Almighty will send upon you a wild locust and bloodless ones. Eight plagues will be sent upon you, and neither animal nor tree will be left. The wrath of God is upon those who have not repented for their many iniquities and injusties. For eighteen months, wounds will be inflicted upon them, until those who remain alive will envy the dead, saying: blessed are dead, for they have not experienced these present days.

And by God’s command, fire will emerge from the sea and burn the living on land and sea, and it will reach the Seven-Hilled City and turn westward. Woe to you, Seven-Hilled City, from such wrath! You will surround your yourself with a multitude of warriors and resist as if victory were near. Your beautiful walls will fall like fig leaves, and a youth will enter you. He will place a diminished scepter within you, but he will not retain it. He will lay hands upon the holy sacrificial offering and consume the holy one and give it to the offspring of destruction.

And the slumbering serpent will rise and strike the youth, and he will take his diadem for himself and exalt his name briefly. And the offspring of destruction, having established themselves, will turn towards the West. And thus, the slumbering serpent will deliver the venerable one to death.

And the RUSSIANS will hold the Seven-Hilled City. The sixth and fifth people will sow their poison within it, and many will consume it in vengeance for the saints.

And the East will be rule by three rules. Yet, someone in the West will govern the East.

And after this, the lawless one will arise, and the other with him. The other will be great and wild in appearance. They will defeat the ISHMAELITES and annihilate them to the root. The peoples living in the North will be troubled, and all the northern will march with fierce under and reach the great river, dividing into fourth parts. The first part will take its portion in Ephesus [modern Turkey], the second in Melagina [ancient city of Lagina, modern Turkey] , the third on the edge of the field, which is Pergamum [Pergamon, modern Turkey], and the forth in Betania [?]. They will gather many trees [weapons?] and enter Syria itself.

The peoples living in the South will be troubled. The great Philip will rise with eighteen nations, and they will gather in the Seven-Hilled City. There will be a battle like none before. Then Vus will cry out, and Skeralaf will weep, Stalorin will say, „Rise up, peace be upon you, and vengeance upon the disobedient. Got to the right side of the Seven-Hilled City and find a man standing between two columns, his hair white with righteous age, giving aims to the poor, with a piercing gaze and gentle wisdom. He is of medium height, and on his right leg, inn the middle of his shim, there is a scar. Take four-life-giving angels and crown this man as king.”

They will bring him into the holy Sophia and crown him as king, placing a weapon in his right hand, saying, „Be courageous and conquer your enemies.” Taking the weapon from angel, he will strike the ISMAELITES, the ETHIOPIANS. And all the other TARTARS. He will divide the ISHMAELITES into three parts. With weaponry, he will destroy the first part. BAPTIZE [Sic!] the second, and with great fury, drive the third towards the Sinle Oak. Upon his return, earthly treasure will be revealed, and will become rich, and there will be no poverty. The land will yield its fruits sevenfold, and weapons will be transformed into sickles.

He will reign 32 years, and after him, another will come, distinct from him. Anticipating his death, he will come to Jerusalem to surrender the kingdom to God. after this, four of his sons will take the throne. The first will reign in Rome, the second in Alexandria, the third in the Sevene-Hilled City, and the fourth in THESSALONIKI. They will wage war among themselves. Priests and monks will be turned into warriors and clash in battle. None of the will be spared, for there will be no worthy man among them.

And after this, another will rule in THESSALONIKI for a short time. Immediately, Smirna [modern Turkey] and Cyprus will sink into the sea from the breath of the wind. And thus. The ANTICHRIST will reign, performing deceitful miracles. He will exalt the Jews and restore the fallen city. There will be famine and earthquakes everywhere. Water will dry up, and rain will not fall upon the earth. The the heavens will fold, and the angels of God will sound the trumpet, and all those who died before will rise. The Lord will suddenly come to judge the living and the dead. To Him be glory forever. Amen.

The post What is the “Final Vision of the Holy Prophet Daniel” about in the Church Slavonic text from the early 17th century? – transcript appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

Knjiga otkrivenja i Knjiga o Danielu

Vjeruje se da je biblijska Knjiga o Danielu napisana na sličan način kao i Knjiga otkrivenja. Doista, na mnogim mjestima jasno odjekuje s njom. Međutim, prema povjesničarima, Knjiga o Danielu nastala je mnogo ranije od Knjige otkrivenja, a prema novoj kronologiji [rekonstrukcija povijesnih događaja koju su ustanovili Fomenko i Nosovski] scenarij je obrnut. Kao što smo vidjeli, Otkrivenje je napisano tek 1486. godine [više o tome vidi ovdje] ​​jer je u njega uključen horoskop [zodijak] iz 1486. ​​godine. S druge strane, knjiga proroka Daniela vjerojatno je nastala znatno kasnije. Biblijska Knjiga o Danielu vjerojatno se prvi put pojavila u drugoj polovici 16. stoljeća. A verzija koja nam je došla do danas vjerojatno datira još iz kasnijeg vremena, s početka 17. stoljeća.

To pojašnjava zašto međusobna povezanost između Otkrivenja i Knjige o Danielu ukazuje na činjenicu da je Daniel crpio svoju simboliku iz Otkrivenja, a ne obrnuto. Navedimo nekoliko primjera jasnih sličnosti između knjige o Danielu i knjige Otkrivenja.

Knjiga otkrivenja kaže:

„Ta „Zvijer” koju sam vidio „sličila je na leoparda”;noge su joj bile „kao u medvjeda”, a usta kao „u lava”. Zmaj joj predade svoju moć, svoje prijestolje i veliku vlast.” Otkrivenje 13,3

Knjiga o Danielu prepričava ovaj stih ovim riječima:

„Gledah dalje, i evo: treća neman kao leopard, na leđima joj četiri krila: imaše četiri glave, i dana joj moć.” Daniel 7,6

Knjiga otkrivenja kaže:

„Potom opazih „gdje izlazi iz mora Zvijer” sa „deset rogova” i „sedam glava”. … I bila
su joj dana „usta” koja „su govorila ohole riječi” i psovke…” Otkrivenje 13,1,5

Knjiga proroka Daniela odražava Otkrivenje:

„Zatim, u noćnim viđenjima, pogledah, kad eno: četvrta neman, strahovita, užasna, izvanredno snažna … i imaše deset rogova,” Daniel 7, 7-8

I tako dalje i tako dalje. Bliska povezanost između Knjige Daniela i Otkrivenja dobro je poznata. U Scaligerovoj kronologiji [Joseph Justus Scaliger, 1540.-1609., osnivač moderne kronoligije] nedostaje zadovoljavajuće objašnjenje. U novoj kronologiji sve dolazi na svoje mjesto. Knjiga otkrivenja napisana je oko 1486. ​​godine. Knjiga Daniela, međutim, kasnije je djelo, koje datira iz 16. i 17. stoljeća. Štoviše, ispada da postoje i druge jasno kasnosrednjovjekovne knjige koje se pripisuju proroku Danielu. Istaknuti primjer je takozvano Danielovo posljednje viđenje.

Danielovo posljednje viđenje nije uvršteno ni u jedan moderni biblijski kanon i nikada nije objavljeno do nedavno. Razlog tome je što na mnogim mjestima očito proturječi suvremenoj kronologiji. Uostalom, Daniel se smatra starozavjetnim prorokom koji je navodno živio mnogo prije Kristova rođenja. Ali kako možemo razumjeti činjenicu da su geografska imena korištena u njegovom proročanstvu isključivo srednjovjekovna? ​​Spominje se čak i obred krštenja. Sve to nedvosmisleno smješta Danielovo starozavjetno proročanstvo u srednjovjekovno kršćansko doba. Međutim, skaligerijanska kronologija nije sposobna prilagoditi se takvom pomaku. Ona se raspada pod njegovom težinom.

Sljedeći odlomak iz Danijelove posljednje vizije citiran je iz crkvenoslavenskog rukopisa koji se čuva u odjelu za rukopise Ruske državne knjižnice.

Kada su Fomenko i Nosovski pokušali pristupiti ovom rukopisu u Ruskoj državnoj knjižnici 1992. godine, naišli su na značajne poteškoće. Evo kako se to odvijalo. Jedan od autora, Gleb Nosovski, u to je vrijeme bio registriran u odjelu za rukopise. S članskom iskaznicom odjela za rukopise, Nosovski je zatražio da mu se dadne spomenuti rukopis. Kao odgovor, rečeno mu je da to nije moguće. U odjelu za rukopise postoji pravilo da ako netko uzme rukopis i ostavi ga na polici, on će tamo ostati četiri mjeseca tijekom kojih se neće dati nikome drugome. Srećom, u to vrijeme, poznanica Nosovskog, Maria Borisova, radila je na šalteru za posudbu. Ljubazno je pristala dati rukopis na kratak pregled. Kada je rukopis konačno predan i Nosovski vidio opis njegove posudbe, bio je zapanjen. Pokazalo se da je u posljednjih 20 godina bio predan isključivo jednoj te istoj osobi. Ta je osoba trebala dolaziti u knjižnicu samo jednom svaka četiri mjeseca kako bi osigurala posjed rukopisa doživotno. Prije toga, rukopis je otprilike isto vrijeme bio osiguran od strane drugog povjesničara. I tako dalje. Pojavio se izvanredan obrazac. Čini se da povjesničari imaju sposobnost učiniti bilo koji „nezgodni” rukopis potpuno nedostupnim javnosti. Formalno, on ostaje u knjižnici, navodno dostupan javnosti, ali neće biti dan nikome. To je zato što je povezan s određenim povjesničarem, u ovom slučaju, posljednjih 20 godina. Činjenica da se ovaj povjesničar nije potrudio objaviti rukopis tijekom 20 godina je nevažna. Rukopis i dalje neće biti objavljen. Takav postupak, koji je postojao u odjelu za rukopise Ruske državne knjižnice prije 1992. i vjerojatno i dalje tamo postoji, zapravo se svodi na neslužbenu zabranu pristupa raznim drevnim izvorima od strane vanjskih osoba. Ova zabrana uopće nije slučajna. To je jednostavno nužno za povjesničare koji su oprezni u dopuštanju vanjskim osobama da imaju pristup neobjavljenim drevnim rukopisima jer razumiju da takvi rukopisi mogu sadržavati informacije koje oštro proturječe scaligerijanskoj verziji povijesti. Neki povjesničari, bez obzira je li ta verzija istinita ili ne, mogu smatrati njezinu obranu značajnom za svoj opstanak.

Danielovo posljednje viđenje rukom je prepisao Gleb Nosovski u čitaonici odjela za rukopise 1992. godine. U ovom starozavjetnom proročanstvu, srednjovjekovni europski narodi izravno se nazivaju Rusima, Tatarima i Izmaelcima. Izmaelci i Etiopljani nazivaju se Tatarima. Nadalje, izričito se spominje kršćanski obred krštenja. Spominje se i poznati srednjovjekovni grad Solun, ili Salonika. Pred kraj proročanstva koriste se izrazito kršćanski izrazi, uključujući spominjanje Antikrista. S druge strane, vrijedi ponoviti da se ovaj tekst pripisuje starozavjetnom proroku Danijelu, koji je navodno živio u predkršćanskom dobu, mnogo prije početka obične ere [kalendarski sustav koji počinje od 1. godine, koja se tradicionalno smatra godinom rođenja Isusa Krista].

Posljednja vizija svetoga proroka Daniela

Ovako govori Gospodin Svemogući: teško tebi, zemljo, kad anđeosko žezlo vlada u tebi! Tada Gospodin Svemogući zapovjedi jednom od svojih anđela govoreći mu: siđi na zemlju i uzmi s nje istinu i mir i učini da se ljudi međusobno proždiru. I posla druge anđele i zapovjedi jednom od njih: idi na sjeverne otoke: neka tvoj broj bude 1144, jer ondje moraju biti srušena dva dijela, a treći dio uzet. A drugome reče: idi u zapadne zemlje i neka tvoj broj bude 1200, jer ondje moraju biti srušena dva dijela, a treći dio uzet. A trećemu anđelu reče: idi u Aziju i Frigiju [zapadno-središnji dio Anadolije, moderna Turska], i Galaciju [drevna regija na području današnje Turske] , i Kapadokiju [moderna Turska], i Siriju, i do same Majke gradova, i neka tvoj broj bude 1360, jer ondje moraju biti srušena dva dijela, a treći dio uzet.

Teško tebi, zemljo, od muke, jer će Gospodin Svemogući poslati na tebe divlje skakavce i one bez krvi. Osam će pošasti biti poslano na tebe, i neće ostati ni životinja ni drvo. Gnjev Božji je na one koji se nisu pokajali za svoja brojna bezakonja i nepravde. Osamnaest mjeseci bit će im nanošene rane, dok oni koji ostanu živi ne budu zavidjeli mrtvima govoreći: blago mrtvima, jer nisu iskusili ove sadašnje dane.

I po Božjoj zapovijedi, oganj će izaći iz mora i spaliti žive na kopnu i moru, i dosegnut će Grad na sedam brda i okrenuti se prema zapadu. Teško tebi, Grade na sedam brda, od takvog gnjeva! Okružit ćeš se mnoštvom ratnika i oduprijeti se kao da je pobjeda blizu. Tvoji će prekrasni zidovi pasti poput smokvinog lišća, a mladić će ući u tebe. Stavit će u tebe smanjeno žezlo, ali ga neće zadržati. Stavit će ruke na svetu žrtvenu žrtvu i proždrijet će sveto biće i dati ga potomstvu uništenja.

I usnula će se zmija podići i udariti mladića, a on će uzeti njezinu dijademu za sebe i nakratko uzvisiti svoje ime. I potomstvo uništenja, nakon što se utvrdi, okrenut će se prema Zapadu. I tako će usnula zmija predati časnog smrti.

I RUSI će držati Grad na sedam brda. Šesti i peti narod će posijati svoj otrov u njemu, i mnogi će ga konzumirati u osveti za svece.

I Istokom će vladati tri pravila. Pa ipak, netko na Zapadu će vladati Istokom.

A nakon toga, bezakonik će se pojaviti, i drugi s njim. Drugi će biti velik i divlji po izgledu. Porazit će ISMAELCE i istrijebiti ih do korijena. Narodi koji žive na sjeveru bit će uznemireni, i svi sjevernjaci će marširati žestokim putem i doći do velike rijeke, dijeleći se na četiri dijela. Prvi dio će uzeti svoj dio u Efezu [moderna Turska], drugi u Melagini [drevni grad Lagina, moderna Turska] , treći na rubu polja, što je Pergamon [moderna Turska], a četvrti u Betaniji [?]. Sakupit će mnogo drveća [oružja?] i ući u samu Siriju.

Narodi koji žive na Jugu bit će uznemireni. Veliki Filip će se uzdići s osamnaest naroda i okupit će se u Gradu na sedam brda. Bit će bitke kakve prije nije bilo. Tada će Vus vikati, a Skeralaf će plakati, Stalorin će reći: „Ustanite, mir neka je s vama i osveta nad neposlušnima.“ Stigli smo na desnu stranu Grada na sedam brda i pronašli čovjeka kako stoji između dva stupa, kose bijele od pravedničkih godina, daje ciljeve siromašnima, s prodornim pogledom i blagom mudrošću. Srednje je visine, a na desnoj nozi, u sredini pojasa, ima ožiljak. Uzmite četiri anđela koji daju život i okrunite ovog čovjeka za kralja.

Uvest će ga u svetu Sofiju [Aja Sofija?] i okruniti ga za kralja, stavljajući mu oružje u desnu ruku govoreći: „Budi hrabar i pobijedi svoje neprijatelje.“ Uzimajući oružje od anđela, udarit će IZMAELCE, ETIOPLJANE. I sve ostale TARTARE. Podijelit će IZMAELCE na tri dijela. Oružjem će uništiti prvi dio. POKRSTITI [Sic!] drugi, a treći s velikim bijesom potjerati prema hrastu Sinle. Po njegovom povratku, otkrit će se zemaljsko blago i postat će bogat, i neće biti siromaštva. Zemlja će dati svoje plodove sedmerostruko, a oružje će se pretvoriti u srpove.

Vladat će 32 godine, a nakon njega doći će drugi, drugačiji od njega. Predviđajući njegovu smrt, doći će u Jeruzalem kako bi predao kraljevstvo Bogu. Nakon toga, četiri njegova sina preuzet će prijestolje. Prvi će vladati u Rimu, drugi u Aleksandriji, treći u Gradu na sedam brda, a četvrti u Solunu. Ratovat će među sobom. Svećenici i redovnici bit će pretvoreni u ratnike i sukobljavat će se u bitkama. Nitko od njih neće biti pošteđen, jer među njima neće biti dostojnog čovjeka.

I nakon ovoga, drugi će vladati u SOLUNU kratko vrijeme. Odmah će Smirna [grad na egejskoj obali Anadolije, Turska] i Cipar potonuti u more od daha vjetra. I tako će ANTIKRIST vladati, čineći prijevarna čuda. Uzvisit će Židove i obnoviti pali grad. Bit će gladi i potresa posvuda. Voda će presušiti i kiša neće padati na zemlju. Nebesa će se saviti i anđeli Božji će zatrubiti i svi koji su prije umrli uskrsnut će. Gospodin će iznenada doći suditi žive i mrtve. Njemu neka je slava zauvijek. Amen.

The post O čemu govori “Posljednje viđenje svetog proroka Daniela” u crkvenoslavenskom tekstu s početka 17. stoljeća? – transkript appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

Introduction

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian scientist-encyclopedist and honorary academician Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov published his sensational book „Revelation in Thunder and Storm”. In this book, he proposed for the first time astronomical interpretation of the last book of the Bible, „The Book of Revelation” also known as „Apocalypse”.

Filled with grim predictions of the and of the world, the book of Apocalypse had a profound impact on people’s minds at the time. The famous „number of the beast” 666 was first mentioned in this book, which according to interpreters, supposedly concealed a deep prophetic meaning about the time of the coming Antichrist and the end of the world.

Speculations and conjectures on this topic were particularly abundant in the 17th century. In reality, it is much simplier. The dating of the book of Revelation turns out to be not the same as what we are accustomed to today but rather mediaevil. Therefore, the Revelation could not have been written by the evangelist John, a contemporary of Christ, as claimed by historians. The main motif of the Revelation precisely correspondes to the era in which it was written, the tense anticipation of the imminent end of the world.

The method of dating The Book of Revelation – Astronomical dating

The Book of Revelation, like some other ancient texts describing celestial phenomena and deeply filled with astronomical imagery, can be dated in the following way.

We will read the Apocalypse sequentially, line by line. Each time we encounter a passage that allows an astronomical interpretation, we will try to read it according to the known of laws of mediaevil astronomical symbolism. We will compare its text with corresponding medieval text that contain both astronomical symbolism and explanations in understandable astronomical terms.

This method of unbiased astronomical dating was first applied by Nikolai Morozov at the beginning of the 20^th century. Morozov was apparently the first scholar to suggest that the author of the biblical Book of Revelation did not intentionally encrypt anything but simply described, using the astronomical language of his time, what he actually saw in the night sky.

When was the Revelation written? General information

The Book of Revelation, also known as the Apocalypse of John, is the twenty-seventh and final book of the New Testament and therefore the final book of the entire modern canon of the Christian Bible. The Apocalypse itself does not contain any clear chronological indications of the era of its writing. No specific historical personalities who definitely lived during the period of the Apocalypse’s creation are mentioned. There are no absolute dates.

Some commentators note that the author of the Apocalypse is well acquainted with astronomy: the images he uses, such as dragons, beasts, horses, and so on, represent constellations depicted in a similar way on medieval star charts.

All these considerations were first expressed by Morozov at the beginning of the 20th century. Apparently, Morozov’s argument made a strong impression on many authors. They essentially repeated Morozov’s assertion without referencing him, which is a common practice among historians. They can confidently criticize the despised New Chronologists in one article and then use their result without citations in another, presenting them as their own. This was the case in Morozov’s time, and continues to this day. Let us finally turn to the Book of Revelation itself.

Its astronomical nature is indeed striking, especially when compared with ancient celestial maps that are literally filled with apocalyptic images. Aparrently, after some time following the writing of the Revelation, the initial astronomical meaning of its imagery was forgotten. Even if any professional astronomer noticed the similarities between the drawings on ancient maps and the description in the Revelation, they likely perceived it as mere coincidence and couldn’t separate themselves from the influence Scaligerian [Joseph Justus Scaliger, 1540 – 1609, Franco-Italian Calvinst religious leader and scholar, known for expanding the notion of classical history from Greek and Ancient Roman history to include Persian, Babylonian, Jewish and Ancient Egyptian history] conceptions imposed on them. Contemporary biblical studies do not recognise any astronomical motifs in biblical texts. This may be due to a subconscious fear of the possibility of astronomical dating. As we will see later and as historians themselves probably suspect, understanding the baselessness of the Scaligerian chronology, unbiased astronomical dating indeed yields dates that are completely different from Scaliger’s.

“John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and FROM THE SEVEN SPIRITS WHICH ARE BEFORE HIS THRONE.” Revelation 1:4

The constellation Ursa Major [the Great Bear, constellation in the Northern Sky] is still sometimes called “the Chariot of Spirits” in France. Images of this constellation as the Chariot of Spirits can be found in medieval books. The Throne is a well-known constellation located just before Ursa Major.

“And out of the THRONE proceeded lightnings and thundering and voices: and there were SEVEN LAMPS of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God. AND BEFORE THE THRONE THERE WAS A SEA OF GLASS LIKE UNTO CRYSTAL”. Revelation 4:5-6

So, seven lamps of fire are positioned before the Throne where God sits. The sea of glass, like crystal is likely sky observed by the author of the Revelation.

“I John… was in the isle that called Patmos.” Revelation 1:9

The place of observation is clearly indicated as the island of Patmos in Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, throughout the entire book, it is repeatedly emphasized that starry sky is the main stage for the described events.

“I looked… A THRONE WAS SET IN HEAVEN, and ONE SAT ON THE THRONE. And he that sat was to look upon like A JASPER AND A SARDINE STONE”. Revelation 4:1-3

The one sitting on the Throne can be seen on almost every medieval star chart. On all these maps, Cassiopeia is depicted sitting on the Throne.

The comparison of the constellation Cassiopeia with Christ, as the Revelation essentially suggests, was sometimes explicitly depicted on medieval star maps.

The Throne is shown with the crucified Cassiopeia on it. The back of the Throne serves as the cross,and the hands of Cassiopeia are tied to the transverse beam of the cross. But this is an obvious reference to the Christian crucifixion. In the Revelation, it appears that the constellation Cassiopeia is described, which in the Middle Ages was perceived as the stellar image of the King Christ on the throne.

“There was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald”. Revelation 4:3

Emerald is a bluish-green gemstone, and the rainbow around the Throne can be seen on any medieval and modern star chart. The constellation of the Throne with the one sitting on it is always surrounded by the curved glowing band of the Milky Way.

“And round about the throne were FOUR AND TWENTY seats: and upon the seats I saw FOUR AND TWENTY elders sitting, clothed in white raiment; and they had on their heads CROWNS of gold.” Revelation 4:4

In any comprehensive astronomy textbook, you can read that in ancient times, the sky was divided into 24 sectors converging at the celestial poles.

These sectors are called one hour of right ascension. So, each elder in the Revelation is, apparently, an hour of right ascension in the equatorial coordinate system. The white raiments or garments of the elders likely refer to the white color of the stars in the sky. And what Crowns of gold? Here, it seems to describe the constellation Corona Borealis, located near the zenith, precisely above the heads of all 24 hour-sector elders.

“And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind”. Revelation 4:6

The description encompasses the starry sky surrounding the constellation of the Throne, and the star-studded sky, that is, eyes. The seemingly strange expression in the Revelation, in the midst of the Throne, becomes clear and refers to the stars that fill the Throne as a background. What are the “four beasts full of eyes”? The answer becomes clear at the first glance at a star map. Furthermore, in the next section of the Revelation, it is explicitly stated:

“And the first beast was like a LION, and the second like a CALF, and the third beast HAD A FACE AS A MAN, and the fourth beast was like A FLYING EAGLE.” Revelation 4:7

Leo is a well-known zodiacal constellation in which the Sun is located before the beginning of autumn. Calf is the Taurus, a well-known zodiacal constellation in which the Sun is located before the beginning of summer. The beast with a human face, the Centaur, represents the zodiacal constellation Sagittarius, where the Sun is located at the beginning of winter. The beast “like a flying eagle” is not the eagle, although such a constellation exists in the sky. Most likely, it refers to the famous Pegasus, a winged beast that completes the sequence of constellations mentioned in the Revelation. In the constellation of Pegasus, the Sun is positioned before the beginning of spring. Formally Pegasus is not zodiacal constellation. However, it is very close to the zodiacal belt and even intrudes into it, almost touching the ecliptic between the zodiacal constellations of Pisces and Aquarius. Therefore, the Revelation clearly listed four constellations along the ecliptic: the zodiacal constellations of Leo, Taurus, Sagittarius and the most zodiacal Pegasus. These four constellations, marking the seasons, form a square or a cross. Since there are exactly 24 one-hour sectors or wings originating from the pole, each of these animal constellations has exactly 6 wing sectors of right ascension, meaning they have 6 wings around them. It is remarkable that all of this is accurately described in the Revelation.

“And the four beast had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within.” Revelation 4:8

Here, the “eyes” are the stars. The beasts full of eyes within are constellations. After all, that is exactly how they are depicted on many medieval celestial map. In the northern mid-latitude zone of the Earth globe, the upper parts of the wing-sectors never set below the horizon. The lower knees of the elders-sectors either sink below the horizon or rise above it. Because of this, each one hour-sector appears to rise from its knees on the eastern side of the horizon and then falls to its knees on the western side. In doing so, they seem to worship the center of their rotation, the northern celestial pole and the constellation of the Throne near it. Again, all of this is accurately described in the Revelation. Indeed, the Book states:

“The four and twenty elders fall dawn before him that sat on the Throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the Throne.” Revelation 4:10

During the daily rotation at the latitude of the Mediterranean Sea, the constellation Corona Borealis rises to the zenith or descends to the northern part of the horizon. This refers the local zenith, at the latitude of the island of Patmos. We will not continue listing other constellations and stars mentioned in the Revelation, as the overall picture is already clear.

Symbolism – Planets as horses in medieval astronomy

And now, the most important aspect for dating. The ancient astronomers were particularly attentive to the swift motion of the planets. The movement of planets across the sky is highly irregular for an Earth observer. Planets occasionally trace loops on the ecliptic, such as the loops of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. When forming a loop, planets first appear to halt, then retreat, and subsequently seem to rush forward again. This behavior likely gave rise to their comparison with horses galloping across the vault of heaven in ancient times. It is not surprising that ancient astronomy employed this vivid image in its symbolic language.

Old Gallic coins depict planets as horses.

On the left coin, a horse with a rider in the form of the letter S leaps over the water jar of the Aquarius constellation. This constellation was often depicted as a water jar or as a person with a jar pouring water from it. The right coin portrays a planet-horse with the Cancer constellation on its back. The horse leaps over the Capricorn constellation. These ancient coin clearly indicate the tradition of medieval astronomers, at least some of them, to associate planets with horses.

The further development of this symbolism naturally led to the depiction of planets as horses harnessed to chariots.

For example, such an image of the Sun, which was previously included among the seven planets, was widely used in the Middle Ages. The concepts evolved and sometimes the horses carried entire constellations.

Here the horses carry the constellation Auriga [lat. charioteer, constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere].

The significance that astronomer attributed to the planetary leaps is evident from the fact that a special symbol was invented for the moment when planets paused between direct and retrograde motion, a stopped chariot. For instance, here are stopped chariots of all the planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Sometimes, instead of horses, fantastical creatures such as griffins, eagles, and other were harnessed to the chariott.

“And behold A WHITE HORSE, and HE THAT SAT ON HIM HAD A BOW; AND A CROWN WAS GIVEN UNTO HIM: AND HE WENT FORTH CONQUERING, AND TO CONQUER.” Revelation 6:2

Apparently, a bright planet-horse is described here, on which a rider-constellation with a bow is seated. Among the zodiac constellation, there is only one such constellation, which is Sagittarius. The horse is described as white. In combination with the characteristic conquering” and the fact this horse is the first mentioned, it likely refers to Jupiter. Therefore Jupiter is indicated in Sagittarius.

“And there went out another HORSE THAT WAS RED: AND POWER WAS GIVEN TO HIM THAT SAT THEREON TO TAKE PEACE FROM THE EARTH, A ND THAT THEY SHOULD KILL ONE ANOTHER, AND THERE WAS GIVEN UNTO HIM A GREAT SWORD.” Revelation 6:4

Here, a red planet-horse is described. There is only one planet of this kind, which is Mars. There is also only one constellation with a sword, which is Perseus. Thus, Perseus is describe in the Revelation as a rider on Mars. More likely, it refers to the zodiac constellations located beneath the feet of Perseus. These are Taurus or Gemini. Therefore, Mars is located in the zodiac sign of Gemini or Taurus, over which Perseus is positioned. It cannot be Aries since Perseus seems to stand on them, while in Aries, he would be laying on his back with his legs raised.

“And I beheld and lo A BLACK HORSE; AND HE THAT SAT ON HIM HAD A PAIR OF BALANCES IN HIS HAND. And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.” Revelation 6:5-6

Mercury is referred to as the invisible planet. Being close to the Sun, Mercury is rarely visible as the sunlight usually drowns it out. Therefore, the position of Mercury was often inaccurately determined in ancient times. The entire verse 6 clearly speaks about trade. Moreover, prices for wheat and barley are even mentioned. However, Mercury was considered the patron of commerce, trade, and merchants. Therefore, Mercury is indicated in Libra.

“And behold A PALE HORSE: AND HIS NAME THAT SAT ON HIM WAS DEATH, AND HELL FOLLOWED WITH HIM. AND POWER WAS GIVEN UNTO THEM OVER THE FOURTH PART OF THE EARTH, TO KILL WITH SWORD, AND WITH HUNGER, AND WITH DEATH, AND WITH THE BEASTS OF THE EARTH.” Revelation 6:8

Most likely, a sinister planet Saturn is described here. The rider “his name that sat on him was death”, is likely Scorpius. The presence of Saturn in Scorpius was considered an extremely ominous sign in the Middle Ages.

“And there appeared a great wonder IN HEAVEN; A WOMAN CLOTHED WITH THE SUN, AND THE MOON UNDER HER FEET, AND UPON HER HEAD A CROWN OF TWELVE STARS.” Revelation 12:1

Apparently, we have here a depiction of the starry sky in its typical medieval representation. The sun is declared to be in the constellation of Virgo. It is worth noting that Virgo is the only female constellation on the ecliptic. The Moon is at the feet of Virgo. Directly above the head of Virgo, towards the zenith, is the well-known constellation of Coma Berenices, a crown of twelve stars. Interestingly, on any star chart, you can see a well-known globular cluster in the constellation of Coma Berenices, forming a diadem or crown. The Revelation mentions “a crown of twelve stars”. Thus, the Sun was in Virgo, and the Moon was at the feet of Virgo.

“AND HE THAT OVERCOMETH … I WILL GIVE HIM THE MORNING STAR.” Revelation 2;26, 2:28

Venus was referred to as the morning star in the Middle Ages. Among the zodiac constellations, the one most victorious, that overcomes, is Leo. The fact that Leo is specifically mentioned as the one who overcomes, is directly indicated in the Revelation:

“Behold, the LION of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, HATH PREVAILED to open the book to loose the seven seals thereof.” Revelation 5:5

From the text of the Apocalypse, it is clear that this Lion is the one that overcomes, who ultimately has prevailed.

Astronomy – Astronomical dating of the Revelation

Therefore, the Revelation contains a description of the starry sky, from which the following horoscope can be unambiguously deduced: Jupiter is in Sagittarius, Saturn in Scorpius, Mercury in Libra, Sun in Virgo, Moon at the feet of Virgo, Venus in Leo, Mars in Gemini or Taurus.

For an approximate astronomical calculation, only three major planets are sufficient: Jupiter, Mars, and Saturn.

The Sun moves quickly, completing a full revolution along the celestial zodiac in a year. Therefore, its position is only relevant for determining the month. Mercury often disappears from view and is always in proximity to the Sun. Therefore, it is also not significant for rough dating with an accuracy of a year.

Morozov [in the picture] claimed the following: only three major planets, Jupiter, Mars, and Saturn, are sufficient for dating the Book of Revelation no earlier than 4^th century AD. The mentioned horoscope occured in the real sky, only in the following years: 395 AD, 632 AD, 1249 AD, and 1486 AD.

Morozov believed that the best solution is the year 395 AD. He was satisfied with this answer, considering that the Book of Revelation could not have been written after 4^th century AD. However, in the 395 AD solution, Mars was in Aries, which is not ideal.

Now, after the research by Fomenko and Nosovskiy on the chronology of antiquity, it becomes clear that Morozov shouldn’t have limited himself to the first four centuries of the Common era when dating the Revelation. Going beyond these limits, two additional possible solutions need to be considered: 1249 and 1486. The 1249 solution is worse due to Mercury, which was in Virgo, closer to Leo.

The main conclusion is as follows: the solution of October 1, 1486 AD perfectly satisfies all the conditions stated in the Revelation. It is evident that all the planets are precisely in the constellation indicated in the Revelation. This astronomical result can be easily verified using any modern astronomical software that shows positions of the planets in the past.

The visibility conditions of the planets on the night of October 1^st to October 2^nd, 1486 AD, were checked for the eastern Mediterranean. The Bosporus Strait was taken as the observation point. It turns out that on October 1, 1486 AD, the Sun set on Bosporus at 5:30 PM local time, which is 3:30 PM GMT. The crescent of the young Moon was visible after sunset until 7:00 PM local time, after which the Moon descended below the local horizon. Saturn was visible until 8:00 PM local time. Jupiter was visible until 9:45 PM local time. Mars became visible later since it was still below the horizon. It rose at 9:05 PM local time and remained visible throughout the remaining night. Mercury was at its maximum distance from the Sun at that time, meaning it was almost in optimal visibility conditions. Indeed, Mercury was visible until 6:10 PM local time, after which it descended below the local horizon. Venus rose that night at 3:00 AM local time and was clearly visible until sunrise.

It is clear that the medieval observer correctly noted that Perseus was sitting on Mars.

“AND POWER WAS GIVEN TO HIM THAT SAT THEREON TO TAKE PEACE FROM THE EARTH, AND THAT THEY SHOULD KILL ONE ANOTHER: AND THERE WAS GIVEN UNTO HIM A GREAT SWORD.” Revelation 6:4

Mars indeed was precisely at the feet of Perseus at that time. The question arises: why did the observer indicate the non-zodiac constellation of Perseus for Mars, instead of the zodiac sign of Gemini? It is likely because the author of the Revelation was describing the impending end of the world, a highly dramatic event. Therefore, he chose images that correspond to the spirit of the terrifying picture he was painting. The first major planet, Jupiter, was in Sagittarius, a warlike constellation depicted with a bow and arrows. The second major planet, Saturn, was in Scorpius, a formidable and deadly constellation. However, the third major planet, Mars, was in Gemini, a relatively peaceful constellation. But, right above Mars at that moment was Perseus, a warrior constellation with a sword, holding the severed head of the dreadful Gorgon with her flowing hair, whose gaze turns everything living to stone. Furthermore, Mars itself is the god of war. It is clear that the author of the Revelation specifically chose Perseus as the constellation that perfectly suited the atmosphere of the end of the world.

The post When the Book of Revelation was written. Part 1 – Transcript of video illustration of the book appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

If “even proud Jerusalemites must occasionally admit that Jerusalem isn’t actually the center of the world, at least not in a geographical sense”, as the Exhibition page puts it, where could the center of the world be located?

According to the reconstruction, presented in the video presentation Jerash. The First False Jerusalem, Part One – also a video illustration of the book Phony Jerusalem – conducted by Russian scholars Anatoly T. Fomenko and Gleb V. Nosovsky, the old Tri-petal map shows Joros on the Bosporus Strait (today Istanbul, Turkey) located in the center where Europe, Asia and Africa meet. This is where the true evangelical Jerusalem was located.

For the Madaba Mosaic Map in the Church of Saint George in Madaba, Jordan,

Fomenko says:

„The map was escavated in the late 19th century, and it is believed that the Mosaic was created during the time of Justinian I (527-565). What makes it remarkable? The center of the map features an image of Jerusalem. Furthermore, the name of the city is written in plain text on the map. There is a large enscription in the Mosaic, written in red. It reads, Hagia Polis Yerusa, with the end of the word being damaged. It is simply written, Hagia is holy, polis is city, and Yerusa is Jerusalem. … We thoroughly and meticulously photographed it in its entirety, along with all its fragments. In the center you can see a portion of the Mosaic that depicts Jerusalem in great detail, showing its layout, alleys, colonnades along the sides of the alleys, and the main temple which are depicted very intricately and are easily recognizable. I will immediately inform you of a very important conclusion we have made. It is asserted that this map perfectly corresponds to the map of Jerash in Jordan, which is the first false Jerusalem. Comparing this map with what you can see in Jerash today demonstrates that it is indeed the same place, the same city. It was the first pretended Jerusalem. And second assertion is that this Madaba map does nor correspond at all to today’s Jerusalem in Palestine. There is no resemblance whatsoever. The map of Jerusalem, both the modern one and the map of the old Jerusalem made in the 19th century, bears no resemblance to the Madaba map. Therefore, this remarkable map indeed contains evidence that Jerash is the first new Jerusalem created after the genuine Jerusalem. The Gospel Yeh Ross on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus was plunged into oblivition and left as a holy place only for initiated, while a new Jerusalem Jerash was made for people, for ordinary folks.”

Video Jerash: The First Fake Jerusalem, Part 2 discusses in detail part of the content of a Russian chronicle from 1649, discovered a few years ago in a private library, and published by the Oktyon publishing house in 2019. Later, Fomenko and Nosovsky discovered that several copies of the Chronicle were in some closed storages that were being studied by historians, but it was obvious that they were not reporting on its contents.

“So in this chronicle, there is a section dedicated to the journey to Jerusalem during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.”, says Gleb V. Noskovskij, along with Anatoly Fomenko, co-founder of the New Chronology which modern science considers pseudohistory. “This journey is described in great detail. The Russian cities are mentioned through which the route from Moscow passed. … The author speaks of two possible routes. One route goes overland through Damascus, but they did not take that route. The second route went through Jaffa. Jaffa is modern city of Tel Aviv. It was called Jaffa back then, and the chronicle mentions the name Jaffa. The pilgrims arrived in Jaffa, disembarked, and then continued eastward toward Jerusalem as a caravan. …

… First, they went to Rama, and then from Rama to Jerusalem. … This is a modern map, so it says Tel Aviv insted of Jaffa. Although it is written as Jaffa at the bottom..

So, it was described how the pilgrims walked … to the east, to a certain town called Rama. Then … to Jerusalem, passing through rocky mountains, and it was specified how much time it took them to pass through these rocky mountains before arriving in Jerusalem. …

In reality, to the east of Tel Aviv, there is only one major city and Rama is described as a major city. If we do not consider various villages, this city is the only one, which is today known as Amman.

As we can see, it is written here [on the map] in Arabic with an ēn. The first letter is an Arabic en, which sometimes, when translated into Russian becomes r. Therefore, this Arabic name can be translated into Russian as either Amman or Raman.

I want to tell you what we saw there. I will show you various maps. This is the route from Rama/Amman to Jerash/Jerusalem. It indeed passes through rocky mountains. Here on the map it is shown in more detail how to go from Rama to Jerusalem. Everything is measured in both steps and hours, and it precisely matches what the chronicle describes.

Let’s take a close look at this map..

It shows what the pilgrim actually described and what European explorers found when they ventured into these areas in the 19th century. Trying to find Jerusalem based on similar descriptions. They also read that the pilgrims disembarked in Jaffa and then continued eastward. And in fact, those who were searching for Jerusalem had to travel the same way. They had to first reach Rama, which is also Amman, and then proceed northeast to Jerash. What did they do? In the 19th century when they were searching for it Jerash was covered by a mudflow and buried under a 4-meter layer of soil.

There wasn’t much sticking out there and they did not find it. So they stopped to early. They covered only about one-third of the distance and turned in that direction. They found some mountains, passed through them, and found the village of Al-Quds. They believed it was the best match for the descriptions. Of course, they did not find any Rama, and they later named some Arab village Rama. They interpreted the name Al-Quds as holy in Arabic. They renamed it to Jerusalem and said, well, it fits. Jerusalem is a holy city. Al-Quds means holy, so this must be Jerusalem. They also allegedly found here the other names mentioned in the sources. In other words, they simply renamed Arab villages to match the required names, and traces of their search efforts are visible. They ended up with two Ramas. One is called Ramla, and there is another one here. So, they indeed searched and tried to map everything. They just didn’t go far enough. They had to go approximately two to three times further..

In the 20th century Jerash was excavated. It is still not fully excavated. And here is a panorama from one of the high points. …

From the very beginning this Jerusalem was for show. More precisely, it was an ancient roman sanctuary ...

The post Jerash: The First Fake Jerusalem – partial transcript of video illustration appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

Uvod

Početkom 20. stoljeća, ruski znanstvenik-enciklopedist i počasni akademik Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Morozov objavio je svoju senzacionalnu knjigu „Otkrivenje u grmljavini i oluji“. U toj knjizi prvi je put predložio astronomsko tumačenje posljednje knjige Biblije, „Knjige otkrivenja“, poznate i kao „Apokalipsa“.

Ispunjena sumornim predviđanjima za svijet, knjiga Apokalipse imala je dubok utjecaj na umove ljudi tog vremena. U ovoj se knjizi prvi put spominje poznati „broj zvijeri“ 666, koji je, prema tumačima, navodno skrivao duboko proročko značenje o vremenu dolaska Antikrista i kraju svijeta.

Nagađanja i pretpostavke o ovoj temi bile su posebno brojne u 17. stoljeću. U stvarnosti je to mnogo jednostavnije. Datiranje Knjige otkrivenja pokazalo se drugačijim od onoga na što smo danas navikli, to jest – srednjovjekovnim. Stoga Otkrivenje nije mogao napisati evanđelist Ivan, Kristov suvremenik, kako tvrde povjesničari. Glavni motiv Otkrivenja točno odgovara vremenu u kojem je napisano, napetom iščekivanju skorog kraja svijeta.

Metoda datiranja Knjige otkrivenja – Astronomska metoda

Knjiga otkrivenja, kao i neki drugi drevni tekstovi koji opisuju nebeske pojave i duboko su ispunjeni astronomskim slikama, može se datirati na sljedeći način.

Apokalipsu ćemo čitati sekvencijalno, redak po redak. Svaki put kada naiđemo na odlomak koji dopušta astronomsko tumačenje, pokušat ćemo ga čitati prema poznatim zakonima srednjovjekovne astronomske simbolike. Usporedit ćemo njegov tekst s odgovarajućim srednjovjekovnim tekstom koji sadrži i astronomsku simboliku i objašnjenja u razumljivim astronomskim terminima.

Ovu metodu nepristranog astronomskog datiranja prvi je primijenio Nikolaj Morozov početkom 20. stoljeća. Morozov je očito bio prvi znanstvenik koji je sugerirao da autor biblijske Knjige otkrivenja nije namjerno ništa šifrirao, već je jednostavno opisao, koristeći astronomski jezik svog vremena, što je zapravo vidio na noćnom nebu.

Kad je Otkrivenje napisano? Opće informacije

Knjiga otkrivenja, poznata i kao Ivanova Apokalipsa, dvadeset sedma je i posljednja knjiga Novog zavjeta te stoga i posljednja knjiga cijelog modernog kanona kršćanske Biblije. Sama Apokalipsa ne sadrži jasne kronološke naznake razdoblja u kojem je napisana. Ne spominju se konkretne povijesne ličnosti koje su definitivno živjele tijekom razdoblja stvaranja Apokalipse. Nema apsolutnih datuma.

Neki komentatori primjećuju da je autor Apokalipse dobro upoznat s astronomijom: slike koje koristi, poput zmajeva, zvijeri, konja i tako dalje, predstavljaju zviježđa prikazana na sličan način na srednjovjekovnim zvjezdanim kartama.

Sva ta razmatranja prvi je izrazio Morozov početkom 20. stoljeća. Očito je Morozovljev argument ostavio snažan dojam na mnoge autore. Oni su u biti ponovili Morozovljevu tvrdnju bez da su ga naveli, što je uobičajena praksa među povjesničarima. Oni mogu s pouzdanjem kritizirati prezrene nove kronologe u jednom članku, a zatim koristiti njihov rezultat bez citata u drugom, predstavljajući ih kao svoje. To je bio slučaj u Morozovljevo vrijeme i nastavlja se do danas. Konačno, posvetimo se samoj Knjizi otkrivenja.

Njezina astronomska priroda je doista zapanjujuća, posebno u usporedbi s drevnim nebeskim kartama koje su doslovno ispunjene apokaliptičnim slikama. Očito je da je, nakon nekog vremena nakon pisanja Otkrivenja, početno astronomsko značenje njezinih slika bilo zaboravljeno. Čak i ako je neki profesionalni astronom primijetio sličnosti između crteža na drevnim kartama i opisa u Otkrivenju, vjerojatno ih je doživljavao kao puku slučajnost i nije se mogao odvojiti od utjecaja skaligerijanskih [Joseph Justus Scaliger, 1540-1609., francusko-talijanski kalvinistički vjerski vođa i znanstvenik, poznat po proširenju pojma klasične povijesti s grčke i starorimske povijesti na perzijsku, babilonsku, židovsku i staroegipatsku povijest] koncepcija koje su im nametnute. Suvremene biblijske studije ne prepoznaju nikakve astronomske motive u biblijskim tekstovima. To može biti zbog podsvjesnog straha od mogućnosti astronomskog datiranja. Kao što ćemo vidjeti kasnije i kao što vjerojatno sumnjaju i sami povjesničari, razumijevajući neutemeljenost skaligerijanske kronologije, nepristrano astronomsko datiranje doista daje datume koji su potpuno drugačiji od Scaligerovih.

Astronomsko značenje Otkrivenja

“Ivan sedmerim crkvama u Aziji: Milost vam i mir od onoga “koji jest”, koji bijaše i koji će
doći. I OD SEDAM DUHOVA KOJI SU PRED NJEGOVIM PRIJESTOLJEM.” Otkrivenje 1,4

Zviježđe Veliki medvjed [Ursa Major, zviježđe na sjevernom nebu] se u Francuskoj još uvijek pokatkad naziva “Kočijom duhova”. Slike ovog zviježđa kao Kočije duhova mogu se naći u srednjovjekovnim knjigama. Prijestolje je poznato zviježđe koje se nalazi neposredno ispred Velikog medvjeda.

“I iz prijestolja “izlaze munje, grmljavine” i “gromovi”. Pred prijestoljem gori sedam zubalja, to jest sedam zubalja, to jest sedam Duhova Božjih. Ispred prijestolja se pruža nešto kao stakleno more slično kristalu.“ Otkrivenje 4,5-6

Dakle, sedam vatrenih svjetiljki postavljeno je pred Prijestoljem gdje Bog sjedi. Stakleno more, slično kristalu, vjerojatno je nebo koje je vidio autor Otkrivenja.

“Ja, Ivan, … bijah na otoku zvanom Patmos.” Otkrivenje 1,9

Mjesto promatranja jasno je naznačeno kao otok Patmos u Sredozemnom moru. Nadalje, kroz cijelu knjigu se više puta naglašava da je zvjezdano nebo glavna pozornica za opisane događaje.

“Potom sam imao ovo viđenje: … U NEBU JE STAJALO PRIJESTOLJE, i “NA PRIJESTOLJU JE SJEDIO NETKO”. Onaj koji je sjedio bijaše na pogled kao KAMEN JASPIS I SARD.” Otkrivenje 4,1-3

Onaj koji sjedi na Prijestolju može se vidjeti na gotovo svakoj srednjovjekovnoj zvjezdanoj karti. Na svim tim kartama Kasiopeja je prikazana kako sjedi na Prijestolju.

Usporedba zviježđa Kasiopeje s Kristom, kako Otkrivenje u biti sugerira, ponekad je bila eksplicitno prikazana na srednjovjekovnim zvjezdanim kartama.

Prijestolje je prikazano s raspetom Kasiopejom na njemu. Stražnja strana Prijestolja služi kao križ, a ruke Kasiopeje vezane su za poprečnu gredu križa. Ovo je očita referenca na kršćansko raspeće. U Otkrivenju se čini da je opisano zviježđe Kasiopeja, koje se u srednjem vijeku doživljavalo kao zvjezdana slika Kralja Krista na prijestolju.

“A “oko prijestolja bio sjajan krug”, sličan dugi, na pogled kao smaragd.” Otkrivenje 4,3

Smaragd je plavkastozeleni dragi kamen, a duga oko Prijestolja može se vidjeti na bilo kojoj srednjovjekovnoj i modernoj zvjezdanoj karti. Zviježđe Prijestolja s onim koji sjedi na njemu uvijek je okruženo zakrivljenom sjajnom trakom Mliječnog puta.

“Oko prijestolja” još (vidjeh) DVADESET I ČETIRI na kojima su sjedila DVADESET I ČETIRI Starca, obučena u bijele haljine sa zlatnim KRUNAMA na svojim glavama.” Otkrivenje 4,4

U bilo kojem sveobuhvatnom udžbeniku astronomije možete pročitati da je u davna vremena nebo bilo podijeljeno na 24 sektora koji su se konvergirali na nebeskim polovima.

Ti se sektori nazivaju jednim satom rektascenzije. Dakle, svaki Starac [starješina] u Otkrivenju je, očito, sat rektascenzije u ekvatorijalnom koordinatnom sustavu. Bijele haljine ili odjeća Staraca vjerojatno se odnosi na bijelu boju zvijezda na nebu. A zlatne krune? Ovdje se čini da opisuje zviježđe Corona Borealis, smješteno blizu zenita, točno iznad glava svih Staraca 24-satnog sektora.

“Ispred prijestolja se pruža nešto kao stakleno more slično kristalu. “Između prijestolja” i onih “oko prijestolja četiri Bića”, sprijeda i straga “puna očiju”.” Otkrivenje 4,6

Opis obuhvaća zvjezdano nebo koje okružuje zviježđe Prijestolja i nebo posuto zvijezdama, odnosno “očima”. Naizgled čudan izraz u Otkrivenju, usred Prijestolja, postaje jasan i odnosi se na zvijezde koje ispunjavaju Prijestolje kao pozadinu. Što su „četiri Bića puna očiju“? Odgovor postaje jasan na prvi pogled na zvjezdanu kartu. Nadalje, u sljedećem odjeljku Otkrivenja izričito je navedeno:

“Prvo” je Biće slično “LAVU”; “drugo” je biće slično “JUNCU”; “treče” Biće “IMA LICE” kao “U ČOVJEKA”, a “četvrto” Biće sliči “ORLU” u letu.” Otkrivenje 4,7

Lav je poznato zodijačko zviježđe u kojem se Sunce nalazi prije početka jeseni. Junac je Bik, poznato zodijačko zviježđe u kojem se Sunce nalazi prije početka ljeta. Biće s ljudskim licem, Kentaur, predstavlja zodijačko zviježđe Strijelca, gdje se Sunce nalazi na početku zime. Biće „poput orla u letu “ nije orao, iako takvo zviježđe postoji na nebu. Najvjerojatnije se odnosi na poznatog Pegaza, krilato biće koje upotpunjuje niz zviježđa spomenutih u Otkrivenju. U zviježđu Pegaza, Sunce se nalazi prije početka proljeća. Formalno, Pegaz nije zodijačko zviježđe. Međutim, vrlo je blizu zodijačkog pojasa i čak ulazi u njega, gotovo dodirujući ekliptiku između zodijačkih zviježđa Riba i Vodenjaka. Stoga je Otkrivenje jasno navelo četiri zviježđa duž ekliptike: zodijačka zviježđa Lava, Bika, Strijelca i najzodijačkijeg Pegaza. Ova četiri zviježđa, označavajući godišnja doba, tvore kvadrat ili križ. Budući da postoji točno 24 sat-sektora ili krila koja potječu s pola, svako od ovih bića-zviježđa ima točno 6 krilnih sektora rektascenzije [određivanje položaja zvijezde na nebeskoj sferi], što znači da imaju 6 krila oko sebe. Izvanredno je da je sve to točno opisano u Otkrivenju.

“Četiri Bića, “svako od njih sa po šest krila”, “puna” su “očiju okolo” i iznutra.” Otkrivenje 4,8

Ovdje su „oči“ zvijezde. Bića “puna očiju iznutra” su zviježđa. Uostalom, upravo su tako prikazana na mnogim srednjovjekovnim nebeskim kartama. U sjevernom srednjem geografskom pojasu Zemljine kugle, gornji dijelovi sektora krila nikada ne zalaze ispod horizonta. Donja koljena sektora Staraca ili tonu ispod horizonta ili se uzdižu iznad njega. Zbog toga se čini da svaki sektor sata uzdiže s koljena na istočnoj strani horizonta, a zatim pada na koljena na zapadnoj strani. Pritom se čini da obožavaju središte svoje rotacije, sjeverni nebeski pol i zviježđe Prijestolja u njegovoj blizini. Opet, sve je to točno opisano u Otkrivenju. Doista, Knjiga kaže:

“padala bi dvadeset i četiri Starca pred onim “koji sjedi na prijestolju”, I poklanjali bi se onome “koji živi” u vijeke vjekova, i odlagali bi svoje krune pred prijestoljem” Otkrivenje 4,10

Tijekom dnevne rotacije na geografskoj širini Sredozemnog mora, zviježđe Corona Borealis uzdiže se do zenita ili se spušta na sjeverni dio horizonta. To se odnosi na lokalni zenit, na geografskoj širini otoka Patmosa. Nećemo nastaviti nabrajati druga zviježđa i zvijezde spomenute u Otkrivenju, jer je cjelokupna slika već jasna.

Simbolizam – Planeti kao konji u srednjevjekovnoj astronomiji

A sada, najvažniji aspekt datiranja. Drevni astronomi posebnu su pozornost posvećivali brzom kretanju planeta. Kretanje planeta po nebu je vrlo nepravilno za promatrača sa Zemlje. Planeti povremeno prate petlje na ekliptici, poput petlji Saturna, Jupitera i Marsa. Kada formiraju petlju, planeti prvo izgledaju kao da se zaustavljaju, zatim se povlače, a potom se čini da ponovno jure naprijed. Ovo ponašanje vjerojatno je dovelo do njihove usporedbe s konjima koji galopiraju preko nebeskog svoda u davna vremena. Nije iznenađujuće da je drevna astronomija koristila ovu živopisnu sliku u svom simboličkom jeziku.

Stari galski novčići prikazuju planete kao konje.

Na lijevom novčiću, konj s jahačem u obliku slova S preskače vrč za vodu zviježđa Vodenjaka. Ovo zviježđe često je prikazivano kao vrč za vodu ili kao osoba s vrčem koji iz njega toči vodu. Desni novčić prikazuje planet-konja sa zviježđem Raka na leđima. Konj preskače zviježđe Jarca. Ovi drevni novčići jasno ukazuju na tradiciju srednjovjekovnih astronoma, barem nekih od njih, da povezuju planete s konjima.

Daljnji razvoj ove simbolike prirodno je doveo do prikaza planeta kao konja upregnutih u kočije.

Na primjer, takva slika Sunca, koje je prethodno bilo uvršteno među sedam planeta, bila je široko korištena u srednjem vijeku. Koncepti su se razvijali i ponekad su konji nosili čitava zviježđa.

Ovdje konji nose zviježđe Auriga [lat. “kočijaš”, zviježđe na sjevernoj nebeskoj hemisferi].

Značaj koji je astronom pripisao planetarnim skokovima vidljiv je iz činjenice da je za trenutak kada su planeti zastali između izravnog i retrogradnog kretanja, izmišljen poseban simbol, zaustavljena kočija. Naprimjer, ovdje su zaustavljena kola svih planeta: Merkura, Venere, Marsa, Jupitera i Saturna (slika lijevo). Ponekad su umjesto konja u kočije upregnuta fantastična stvorenja poput grifona, orlova i drugih (slika desno).

“I najedanput se pred mojim očima pokaza “bijel konj”, a onaj što je jahao na njemu držao je lùk. Bijaše mu dan vijenac te on, pobjednik, ode da i dalje pobjeđuje.” Otkrivenje 6,2

Navodno je ovdje opisan svijetli planet-konj na kojem sjedi jahač-zviježđe s lukom. Među zodijačkim zviježđima postoji samo jedno takvo zviježđe, a to je Strijelac. Konj je opisan kao bijel. U kombinaciji s karakteristikom “osvajanja” i činjenicom da je ovaj konj prvi spomenut, vjerojatno se odnosi na Jupiter. Stoga je Jupiter naznačen u Strijelcu.

“Tada se pojavi drugi “konj riđan”. A onome koji je jahao na njemu bijaše dopušteno da digne mir sa zemlje, da se ljudi ubijaju međusobno. I bijaše mu dan veliki mač.” Otkrivenje 6,4

Ovdje je opisan crveni planet-konj. Postoji samo jedan planet takve vrste, a to je Mars. Također postoji samo jedno zviježđe s mačem, a to je Perzej. Stoga je Perzej u Otkrivenju opisan kao jahač na Marsu. Vjerojatnije je da se odnosi na zodijačka zviježđa koja se nalaze ispod Perzejevih nogu. To su Bik ili Blizanci. Stoga se Mars nalazi u zodijačkom znaku Blizanaca ili Bika, iznad kojih je Perzej pozicioniran. Ne može biti Ovan jer se čini da Perzej stoji na njima, dok bi u Ovnu ležao na leđima s podignutim nogama.

“I najednom se pred mojim očima pokaza “vranac”, a onaj koji je jahao na njemu držao je vagu u svojoj ruci. I čuh nešto kao glas što dolazi ispred četiri Bića I najavljuje: “Mjera pšenice za denar! Tri mjere pšenice za denar! A ulju i vinu ne nanesi štetu!” Otkrivenje, 6,5-6

Merkur se naziva nevidljivim planetom. Budući da je blizu Sunca, Merkur je rijetko vidljiv jer ga sunčeva svjetlost obično zasjenjuje. Stoga je položaj Merkura u davna vremena često bio netočno određivan. Cijeli 6. stih jasno govori o trgovini. Štoviše, spominju se čak i cijene pšenice i ječma. Međutim, Merkur se smatrao zaštitnikom trgovine, razmjene i trgovaca. Stoga je Merkur naznačen u Vagi.

“I najedanput se pred mojim očima pokaza “konj” zelenko, a onomu što je jahao na njemu bilo je ime “Smrt”, a pratio ga je “podzemni svijet”. Njima bijaše dana vlast nad četvrtinom zemlje, “da ubijaju mačem, glađu, kugom” i zemaljskom “zvjeradi”.” Otkrivenje 6,8

Najvjerojatnije je ovdje opisan zlokobni planet Saturn. Jahač “koji je sjedio na njemu i bilo mu je ime Smrt” vjerojatno je Škorpion. Prisutnost Saturna u Škorpionu smatrala se izuzetno zlokobnim znakom u srednjem vijeku.

“Potom se u nebu pokaza veličanstven znak: Žena obučena u sunce, mjesec pod njezinim nogama, a na glavi joj vijenac od dvanaest zvijezda.” Otkrivenje 12,1

Očito ovdje imamo prikaz zvjezdanog neba u njegovom tipičnom srednjovjekovnom prikazu. Sunce se navodi kao u zviježđu Djevice. Vrijedi napomenuti da je Djevica jedino žensko zviježđe na ekliptici. Mjesec je u podnožju Djevice. Izravno iznad glave Djevice, prema zenitu, nalazi se poznato zviježđe Berenikina kosa [Coma Berenices], kruna od dvanaest zvijezda. Zanimljivo je da na bilo kojoj zvjezdanoj karti možete vidjeti poznati kuglasti skup u zviježđu Berenikina kosa, koji tvori dijadem ili krunu. Otkrivenje spominje „krunu od dvanaest zvijezda“. Dakle, Sunce je bilo u Djevici, a Mjesec u podnožju Djevice.

“Pobjedniku, … I dat ću mu zvijezdu Danicu.” Otkrivenje 2,26; 2,28

Venera se u srednjem vijeku nazivala Jutarnjom zvijezdom ili Danicom. Među zodijačkim zviježđima, najpobjedničkije, ono koje pobjeđuje, je Lav. Činjenica da se Lav posebno spominje kao onaj koji pobjeđuje izravno je naznačena u Otkrivenju:

“pobijedio je “Lav” iz Judina plemena, Davidov “izdanak”, tako da može, otvoriti knjigu i njezinih sedam pečata!” Otkrivenje 5,5

Iz teksta Apokalipse jasno je da je ovaj Lav onaj koji pobjeđuje, koji je na kraju pobijedio.

Astronomija – Astronomsko datiranje Otkrivenja

Stoga, Otkrivenje sadrži opis zvjezdanog neba, iz kojeg se nedvosmisleno može zaključiti sljedeći horoskop: Jupiter je u Strijelcu, Saturn u Škorpionu, Merkur u Vagi, Sunce u Djevici, Mjesec u podnožju Djevice, Venera u Lavu, Mars u Blizancima ili Biku.

Za približan astronomski izračun dovoljna su samo tri glavna planeta: Jupiter, Mars i Saturn.

Sunce se brzo kreće, završivši puni krug oko nebeskog zodijaka u godini. Stoga je njegov položaj relevantan samo za određivanje mjeseca. Merkur često nestaje iz vidokruga i uvijek je u blizini Sunca. Stoga nije značajan ni za grubo datiranje s točnošću od godinu dana.

Morozov (na slici) je tvrdio sljedeće: samo tri glavna planeta, Jupiter, Mars i Saturn, dovoljna su za datiranje Knjige otkrivenja ne ranije od 4. stoljeća. Spomenuti horoskop dogodio se na stvarnom nebu samo u sljedećim godinama: 395., 632., 1249. i 1486.

Morozov je vjerovao da je najbolje rješenje godina 395. godine. Bio je zadovoljan tim odgovorom, s obzirom na to da Knjiga otkrivenja nije mogla biti napisana nakon 4. stoljeća. Međutim, u rješenju iz 395. godine, Mars je bio u Ovnu, što nije idealno.

Sada, nakon istraživanja Fomenka i Nosovskog o kronologiji antike, postaje jasno da se Morozov nije trebao ograničiti na prva četiri stoljeća naše ere prilikom datiranja Otkrivenja. Preko tih granica potrebno je razmotriti još dva moguća rješenja: 1249. i 1486. Rješenje iz 1249. je gore zbog Merkura, koji je bio u Djevici, bliže Lavu.

Glavni zaključak je sljedeći: rješenje od 1. listopada 1486. savršeno zadovoljava sve uvjete navedene u Otkrivenju. Očito je da se svi planeti nalaze upravo u zviježđu naznačenom u Otkrivenju. Ovaj astronomski rezultat može se lako provjeriti korištenjem bilo kojeg modernog astronomskog softvera koji prikazuje položaje planeta u prošlosti.

U noći s 1. na 2. listopada 1486. godine provjereni su uvjeti vidljivosti planeta u noći s 1. na 2. listopada 1486. godine za istočno Sredozemlje. Bosporski tjesnac uzet je kao točka promatranja. Ispostavilo se da je 1. listopada 1486. godine Sunce zašlo nad Bosporom u 17:30 sati po lokalnom vremenu, što je 15:30 sati po GMT-u [Greenwich Mean Time – srednje vrijeme po Greenwichu] . Polumjesec mladog Mjeseca bio je vidljiv nakon zalaska sunca do 19:00 sati po lokalnom vremenu, nakon čega se Mjesec spustio ispod lokalnog horizonta. Saturn je bio vidljiv do 20:00 sati po lokalnom vremenu. Jupiter je bio vidljiv do 21:45 sati po lokalnom vremenu. Mars je postao vidljiv kasnije jer je još uvijek bio ispod horizonta. Izašao je u 21:05 sati po lokalnom vremenu i ostao je vidljiv tijekom preostale noći. Merkur je u to vrijeme bio na maksimalnoj udaljenosti od Sunca, što znači da je bio gotovo u optimalnim uvjetima vidljivosti. Doista, Merkur je bio vidljiv do 18:10 sati po lokalnom vremenu, nakon čega se spustio ispod lokalnog horizonta. Venera je te noći izašla u 3:00 sati po lokalnom vremenu i bila je jasno vidljiva do izlaska sunca.

Jasno je da je srednjovjekovni promatrač ispravno primijetio da Perzej sjedi na Marsu.

“a onome koji je jahao na njemu bijaše dopušteno da digne mir sa zemlje, da se ljudi ubijaju međusobno. I bijaše mu dan veliki mač.” Otkrivenje 6,4

Mars se u to vrijeme doista nalazio točno u podnožju Perzeja. Postavlja se pitanje: zašto je promatrač za Mars naznačio ne-zodijačko zviježđe Perzej, umjesto zodijačkog znaka Blizanaca? Vjerojatno je to zato što je autor Otkrivenja opisivao nadolazeći kraj svijeta, vrlo dramatični događaj. Stoga je odabrao slike koje odgovaraju duhu zastrašujuće slike koju je slikao. Prvi glavni planet, Jupiter, bio je u Strijelcu, ratobornom zviježđu prikazanom lukom i strijelama. Drugi glavni planet, Saturn, bio je u Škorpionu, zastrašujućem i smrtonosnom zviježđu. Međutim, treći glavni planet, Mars, bio je u Blizancima, relativno mirnom zviježđu. Ali, točno iznad Marsa u tom trenutku bio je Perzej, ratničko zviježđe s mačem, koji je držao odrubljenu glavu strašne Gorgone s raspuštenom kosom, čiji pogled pretvara sve živo u kamen. Nadalje, sam Mars je bog rata. Jasno je da je autor Otkrivenja posebno odabrao Perzeja kao zviježđe koje savršeno odgovara atmosferi kraja svijeta.

The post Kad je Knjiga otkrivenja napisana. Prvi dio. – Transkript video ilustracije knjige appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

Ako „čak i ponosni Jeruzalemci moraju povremeno priznati da Jeruzalem zapravo nije središte svijeta, barem ne u geografskom smislu”, kako to piše na stranici Izložbe, gdje bi se središte svijeta moglo nalaziti?

Prema rekonstrukciji, iznesenoj u video izlaganju Jeraš. Prvi lažni Jeruzalem, Prvi dio – ujedno video ilustracije knjige Lažni Jeruzalem (Phony Jerusalem) – koju su proveli ruski znanstvenici Anatolij T. Fomenko i Gleb V. Nosovskij, stara Tri-latična karta prikazuje Joros na Bosporskom tjesnacu (danas Istanbul, Turska) koji se nalazi u središtu gdje se Europa, Azija i Afrika susreću. Tu se nalazio pravi evanđelički Jeruzalem.

Za Madabašku mozaičnu kartu u crkvi Svetog Jurja u Madabi u Jordanu

Fomenko kaže:

„Karta je iskopana krajem 19. stoljeća, a vjeruje se da je mozaik nastao u vrijeme Justinijana I. [527.-565.]. Što ga čini izvanrednim? Središnji dio karte prikazuje sliku Jeruzalema. Nadalje, ime grada napisano je običnim tekstom na karti. Na mozaiku se nalazi veliki natpis, napisan crvenom bojom. Piše Hagia Polis Yerusa, s oštećenim krajem riječi. Jednostavno je napisano, Hagia je sveto, polis je grad, a Yerusa je Jeruzalem. … Temeljito i pedantno smo ga fotografirali u cijelosti, zajedno sa svim njegovim fragmentima. U središtu možete vidjeti dio mozaika koji vrlo detaljno prikazuje Jeruzalem, pokazujući njegov raspored, uličice, kolonade uz stranice uličica i glavni hram koji su prikazani vrlo detaljno i lako su prepoznatljivi. Odmah ću vas obavijestiti o vrlo važnom zaključku koji smo donijeli. Tvrdi se da ova karta savršeno odgovara karti Jeraša u Jordanu, koji je prvi lažni Jeruzalem. Usporedba ove karte s onim što danas možete vidjeti u Jerašu pokazuje da je to doista isto mjesto, isti grad. Bio je to prvi lažni Jeruzalem. A druga je tvrdnja da ova Madabaška karta uopće ne odgovara današnjem Jeruzalemu u Palestini. Nema nikakve sličnosti. Obje karte Jeruzalema, i ona moderna i karta starog Jeruzalema izrađena u 19. stoljeću, nemaju nikakve sličnosti s Madabaškom kartom. Stoga ova izvanredna karta doista sadrži dokaze da je Jeraš prvi novi Jeruzalem stvoren nakon pravog Jeruzalema. Evanđelje Yeh Ross na azijskoj obali Bospora bačeno je u zaborav i ostavljeno kao sveto mjesto samo za inicirane, dok je za ljude, za obične ljude, izgrađen novi jerusalemski Jeraš.”

Video Jeraš: Prvi lažni Jeruzalem, 2. dio govori detaljno o dijelu sadržaja ruskog ljetopisa/kronike iz 1649. godine, otkrivenog prije nekoliko godina u privatnoj knjižnici, koji je izdavačka kuća Oktyon objavila 2019. godine. Kasnije su Fomenko i Nosovsky otkrili da se nekoliko primjeraka Ljetopisa nalazi u nekim zatvorenim spremištima koje proučavaju povjesničari, ali očito je da da neizvješćuju o njegovu sadržaju.

“Dakle, u ovoj kronici postoji odjeljak posvećen putovanju u Jeruzalem za vrijeme vladavine Ivana Groznog”, kaže Gleb V. Noskovskij, uz Anatolija Fomenka suutemeljitelj Nove kronologije koju suvremena znanost smatra pseudopoviješću. “Ovo je putovanje detaljno opisano. Spominju se ruski gradovi kroz koje je prolazila ruta iz Moskve. … Autor govori o dvije moguće rute. Jedna ruta ide kopnom preko Damaska, ali nisu išli tom rutom. Druga ruta je išla preko Jafe.

Jafa je moderni grad Tel Aviv. … Hodočasnici su stigli u Jafu, iskrcali se, a zatim nastavili prema istoku prema Jeruzalemu kao karavana. … Prvo su otišli u Ramu, a zatim iz Rame u Jeruzalem. … ovo je moderna karta pa piše Tel Aviv umjesto Jafa, iako je na dnu napisano Jafa.

Dakle, opisano je kako su hodočasnici pješačili … na istok, do određenog grada zvanog Rama. Zatim … prema Jeruzalemu, prolazeći kroz stjenovite planine, i navedeno je koliko im je vremena trebalo da prođu kroz te stjenovite planine prije nego što su stigli u Jeruzalem. …

U stvarnosti, istočno od Tel Aviva nalazi se samo jedan veći grad, a Rama se opisuje kao veći grad. Ako ne uzmemo u obzir razna sela, ovaj grad je jedini, koji je danas poznat kao Aman.

Kao što vidimo , ovdje [na karti] je napisano na arapskom s ēn. Prvo slovo je arapski ēn, koji ponekad, kada se prevede na ruski postaje „r”. Stoga se ovo arapsko ime može prevesti na ruski kao Aman ili Raman. …

Želim vam reći što smo tamo vidjeli. Pokazat ću vam razne karte i naše fotografije. Ovo je ruta od Rame/Amana do Jeraša/Jeruzalema. Doista prolazi kroz stjenovita gorja. … Sve je izmjereno i u koracima i u satima, i točno se podudara s onim što ljetopis opisuje.

Pogledajmo pobliže ovu kartu.

Ona prikazuje što je hodočasnik zapravo opisao, a što su europski istraživači pronašli kada su se u 19. stoljeću upustili u ta područja. Pokušavajući pronaći Jeruzalem na temelju sličnih opisa, pročitali su i da su se hodočasnici iskrcali u Jafi, a zatim nastavili prema istoku. I zapravo, oni koji su tražili Jeruzalem morali su putovati istim putem. Prvo su morali doći do Rame, koja je ujedno i Aman, a zatim nastaviti sjeveroistočno do Jeraša/Jerasa. Što su učinili? U 19. stoljeću, kada su ga tražili, Jeraš/Jeras je bio prekriven blatnom poplavom i zatrpan pod 4-metarskim slojem zemlje.

Nije bilo puno toga što bi stršilo tamo i nisu ga pronašli. Zaustavili su se prerano. Prešli su samo otprilike trećinu udaljenosti i okrenuli se u tom smjeru. Pronašli su neke planine, prošli kroz njih i pronašli selo Al-Quds. Vjerovali su da najbolje odgovara opisima. Naravno, nisu pronašli nikakvu Ramu, pa su kasnije neko arapsko selo nazvali Rama. Ime Al-Quds protumačili su kao sveto na arapskom. Preimenovali su ga u Jeruzalem i rekli, pa, odgovara. Jeruzalem je sveti grad. Al-Quds znači sveto, pa ovo mora biti Jeruzalem. Navodno su ovdje pronašli i druga imena spomenuta u izvorima. Drugim riječima, jednostavno su preimenovali arapska sela kako bi odgovarala traženim imenima, a tragovi njihove potrage su vidljivi. Završili su s dvije Rame. Jedna se zove Ramla, a ovdje je još jedna. Dakle, doista su pretraživali i pokušali sve mapirati. Jednostavno nisu otišli dovoljno daleko. Morali su ići otprilike dva do tri puta dalje.

U 20. stoljeću je iskopan Jeraš. Još uvijek nije u potpunosti iskopan. A evo panorame s jedne od najviših točaka. …

Od samog početka ovaj je Jeruzalem bio za prikaz. Točnije, bilo je to drevno rimsko svetište ...

The post Jeraš: Prvi lažni Jeruzalem – djelomični transkript video ilustracije appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

From the ancient peoples – the Hebrews, Babylonians, Egyptians, Nordics, Mayans, Incas, Hindus, Navajo Indians – the concept of a flat earth closed by an impenetrable barrier was continuously promoted until Pythagoras (582-496 BC) who believed that the Earth was a sphere. in the center of the universe. It remains unclear how the Pythagorean concept of a round Earth did not prevail, but people would believe in a flat Earth practically until the 20th century. Aristotle (384-322 BC) also places the Earth at the center of the universe, and a little later Eratosthenes (276-194 BC) calculated the volume of the Earth almost close to the modern calculation, again under the premise of a round Earth. Just as Aristotle, twice married, with the view that women have fewer teeth than men, never thought of opening a woman’s mouth and counting how many teeth she has, so neither did Eratosthenes – who measured the distance of the Sun from the Earth based on the assumption that the Sun is at a distance of millions of stadia at that time and therefore sends parallel rays towards the Earth – it never occurred to him to observe the Sun throwing oblique rays with the naked eye. Ptolemy (100-170) bases his system on Aristotle’s thinking and on the assumption that the Sun and the planets move around the Earth as the stationary center of the universe. Since Ptolemy and his Almagest, the fundamental astronomical manual, more than 1,000 years will pass without a single discovery in the field of astronomy. Is this a chronological leap?

In order to better understand what sort of chronological leap it might be, the results of the long-term research of the Russian mathematician prof. Dr. Anatolij Timofejevich Fomenko entitled New Chronology, which en.wikipedia will characterize as a pseudo-archaeological, pseudo-historical and pseudo-scientific theory. Based on the analysis of hundreds of original manuscripts using the mathematical-statistical method, the results of the New Chronology were published in his books History: Fiction or Science vol.1-4. In the preface to the first book, Aleksandar Zinoviev says that the entire history of mankind up to the 17th century is a ‘forgery of global proportions’ .

Thinking about the chronological leap, the answer to one question is of particular importance: can the chronological leap of a thousand years be found outside of Fomenko’s books? In that case, it is advisable to look in this article at the pictures of two tombstones inside the ruins of a fort in India, on which it is written that the Portuguese were buried there in 601 and 684, and it is about the presence of the Portuguese in India in the 1600’s according to the official narrative; or a picture from the film showing the entrance to the terminal in San Francisco where the wall was written “Erected AD 896 “, later changed to 1896; or a picture of the Galleria Umberto building in Naples, on which was written “Anno DCCCXC” – ” year 890″ , later changed to MDCCCXC or year 1890.

But let’s go back to Ptolemy.

The chronology of the historian Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) places Ptolemy’s Almagest in the period 138-161, although his style is perfectly typical of scientific works of the late Middle Ages, that is, of the period 15th-17th century. Historian of astronomy Gerald J. Toomer (b. 1934) says that it is extremely difficult to discover how the 2nd century Almagest influenced the Middle Ages. The American scientist Robert Newton (1919-1991) says in his book The crime of Claudius Ptolemy that the Almagest could not have been compiled in 137 AD because the fabricated data belong to another period. Obviously, there was a need to place the Almagest in some extra period or go back to the time of the Greek astronomer Hipparchus (190-120 BC). 

The Greek noblewoman Anna Komnena (1083-1153/54) writes in her book Alexiad that there are no new discoveries in antiquity. Mentioning Endoxus, Plato, Manetho, she writes that the astronomers of that time did not know how to make a horoscope or observe the stars, although Scaliger wants to convince us that all this was known in ancient Greece. If it is known, it is interpreted further by prof. Dr. Fomenko, if the symbolism of star constellations was accepted in the period from the 11th to the 12th century, then Anna Komnena’s statement could be correct. We can further ask how it is that Anna Komnena does not mention either Polemaeus or Hipparchus when she talks about the astronomers she considers ancient. She mentions a famous Egyptian from Alexandria who knew how to prioritize the future. The history of astronomy knows only one astronomer from Alexandria known as Ptolemy of Alexandria. When Alexiad is compared with Scaliger’s chronology, which places Ptolemy in the 2nd century, and Anna Komnena lived in the 12th century, the question arises whether there is a chronological leap of 1,000 years?

The drawing from 1666 shows Claudius Ptolemy (standing left between two muses) and three famous medieval cartographers; Gerardus Mercator (seated in the middle), Jodocus Hondius and Willem Blaeu (seated on the right). “Historians suggest “, writes Fomenko, “that these characters (Ptolemy and three cartographers of the XVI-XVII centuries) to be separated from each other by some 1300-1400 years“. It remains unclear why Ptolemy has glasses on the tip of his nose when it is known that the first glasses were made by Salvino D’Amate in 1284 in Italy. Could a 17th century painter have known a person who lived 1300-1400 years before him to be able to portray Ptolemy?

For Nicolas Copernicus, the report of Michael Maestlin (1550-1631) contains information that Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 at 4:48 a.m., and it is known that minutes on clocks did not exist in the 15th century.

If we agree with Copernicus’ biographers, such as Scaliger, continues prof. Dr. Fomenko, that his astronomical work was hidden throughout his life, the question arises, what astronomical instruments did Copernicus use? And most often he used the triquetrum or parallax instrument, which is mostly called Ptolemy’s ruler, and given that Ptolemy is portrayed with the same instrument, the question arises whether Ptolemy and Copernicus were contemporaries?

Another in a series of oddities is that there is not a single letter of Copernicus that he could have addressed to the astronomers of his time or they to him. Therefore, is it possible that the heliocentric concept originated in the late 16th and early 17th centuries? Then, his main work On the rotation of the heavenly circles (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ) was published in 1543 on the very day of his death, and not during his lifetime, some believe that the reason was because he was afraid of church persecution, which persecution would only follow in 1616 when Copernican teaching is declared heretical and books, including Kepler’s, will be on the list of prohibited until 1835.

Given that Copernican cosmology was banned and the books confiscated for correction, it is hard to believe that the authentic version from the alleged year 1543 has survived to this day. It was completely remodeled in the 17th century. and published with the old date after the original was destroyed.

If Johan Kepler (1571-1630) had a part in promoting Copernicus’ teaching, the question arises whether Kepler (Kepler + nik → Keplernik→ Kopernik ?) was an editor or even a co-author of Copernicus’ opus? If so, is this a chronological leap of about 100 years, asks Prof. Dr. Fomenko.

It is not known exactly when the heliocentric system prevailed. Both concepts seem to have coexisted until, perhaps, the 1930s. We see proof of this in books like Thomas Winship’s 
Zetetic Cosmogony (1899), David Wardlaw Scott’s Terra Firma (1901), Gerard Hickson’s Kings Dethroned (1922) and others. An article published in The Cook County Herald newspaper from 1900, which can be found on the Library of Congress page under the title Says the Earth is Round, reports that “Mr. John Gorst, head of the British Department of Education, was threatened by Mr. Ebenezer Breach and other taxpayers of the city of Portsmouth, United Kingdom, to be accused of the damnable and heretical doctrine that the Earth is round … Ebenezer and his friends know, of course, that the Earth is as flat as a pancake”. In the Hawaiian Gazette of January 1907, in an article entitled Was This World Map Made Ten Centuries ago?, an old Buddhist map discovered in a Bubbhist temple in Japan shows a flat Earth with continents unknown to us beyond the Antarctic ring. In the magazine Popular Science , from August 1931, the researcher Auguste Piccard declares that the Earth looked like a flat disk with an inverted edge after he ascended to a height of 16 km in a balloon…

A turning point, however, occurred at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Namely, in 1887, A. A. Michelson and E. W. Morley, like other scientists, were obsessed with the ether. The Michelson-Morley experiment was intended to determine the relative speed of the Earth’s motion in relation to  the ether through which light waves propagate . Two scientists, wanting to detect the ether, repeated the experiment over and over again, and always got the same result, which showed that the Earth was not moving through space but was at rest . A misinterpretation of this experiment will lead to the generally accepted conclusion that the ether does not exist. It will be 15 years later Einstein admits that the ether exists in a lecture at Leiden University, but the damage has already been done and science will move in the opposite direction. Einstein’s confession will be ignored by both science and Einstein’s biographer Roland W. Clark (Einstein: The Life and Times, 1971). Michelson-Morley’s experiment will throw into oblivion Einstein’s speech at Kyoto University in Japan in 1922 entitled “How I Created the Theory of Relativity”, on which occasion he will make a contradictory statement: “Since then I have come to believe that the motion of the Earth cannot be detected by any optical instrument, though the Earth is revolving around the Sun ” (Physics Today, Aug 1982).

Before there was any evidence of the shape of the Earth, programming began as early as 1912 with the founding of the film company Universal Picture  with a rotating globe at the beginning of every movie we’ve seen for over a hundred years. In 1946, Admiral Richard E. Bird led Operation Highjump, an expedition to Antarctica. They are said to have gone there to investigate the possibility of establishing military research bases. They claim to have mapped the coast of Antarctica during that time. In 1955, the first operation was expanded, now called Deep Freeze. In 1958, NASA was founded, and the Antarctic Treaty will follow in 1959, by which the Antarctic will become a prohibited zone for the civilian population. Why? What should not be known about Antarctica? In 1962, a highly symbolic operation called Fishbowl took place for the closed world, during which nuclear missiles were fired straight up, supposedly to test the Earth’s magnetic field. In the same year 1962, J. F. Kennedy gave his famous speech We decided to go to the Moon. From Lunar Orbiter One, through Apollo 8 and 11, in the period from 1966-1972. pictures of the Earth from deep space are sent, ending with the most famous among them, again a significant name for a tiny planet, the Blue Marble. What remains unknown is whether they landed on the Moon before or after the lunar waves, which waves or energy pulsations of the Moon were recorded by a few independent sky explorers? It seems that even the Moon is not what we were told about it. Be that as it may, NASA “proved” that the Earth is round, and with that the debate about the flat Earth would have ended if NASA had not posted declassified documents on the Internet in which it tells a completely different story.

Flat Earth in documents of US government agencies

In the 18 selected documents, NASA’s 13, CIA’s 2 and ARL’s 3, from the period 1948-2010 – presented chronologically and with the image of the cover and the page from which the quote is taken – the use of the model of a flat, non-rotating Earth and stationary atmosphere. These documents are circulating on the Internet and people are asking why, for example, NASA uses a model of a flat, non-rotating Earth if it is not flat. You can read the answer to that question given by the experts here.

(1) CIA-RPD80-00809A000600231031

In a document by Russian astrophysicists from 1948 entitled Outer Gravitational Field and Shape of the Physical Surface of the Earth, declassified by the CIA in 2011 under the title Scientific – Measurement of the Earth, on the 4th page it is written:

“We can regard the potential of the real earth (…) as known (…) at all points of the physical surface; whereas it is not determinable at all other points of space without knowledge of the shape of the earth …”(…) “But since the shape of the earth is not known, the true coordinates of these points (…) are unknown to us.”

(2) CIA-RPD86-00513R001343720008-3

A document by Russian astrophysicists from 1957 entitled “Investigation of Light Scattering in the Earth’s Atmosphere ” that was declassified by the CIA in 2000. On the page marked as “Card7/21” it is written:

“The dissertation contains a certain formula of the brightness of the sky, taking into consideration only the brightness of the first order and derived on the assumption of a “flat” Earth and giving some conclusions derived on the basis of this formula.“

(3) NASA TN D-645 (1965)

In a document from 1961, entitled Calculation of Wind Compensation for Launching of Unguided Rockets ), in the Trajectory Simulation chapter,  it is written:

In addition to the above requirements, this simulation assumes a vehicle with six degrees of freedom and aerodynamic symmetry in roll and the missile position in space is computed relative to a flat nonrotating earth. 

(4) NASA-CR-62898 (1965)

The document entitled “Atmospheric Oscillations” states on page 10 that “A model frequently used is that of a flat, nonrotating earth .”

(5) NASA TN D-6218 (1971)

The document entitled A Method for Reducing the Sensitivity of Optimal Nonlinear Systems to Parameter Uncertainty in chapter A Numerical Example, Problem Statement, on on page 12, states that “the idealizing assumptions made are the following: … (2) A flat, nonrotating earth (…)”

(6) NASA TM X-2514 (1972)

On page 2 of the document entitled Determination of angles of attack and sideslip from radar data and roll-stabilized platform it is written: “The method is limited, however, to application where a flat, nonrotating earth may be assumed.”

(7) NASA CR-3073 (1978)

Investigation of Aircraft Landing in Variable Wind Fields states on page 6: ” 
The aircraft trajectory employed in this study was derived based on the following assumptions: a) The earth is flat and non-rotating …

(8) NASA TM-81238 (1980)

A Mathematical Model of the CH-53 Helicopter from 1980 states on page 17 that “The helicopter equations of motion … with respect to a flat, nonrotating earth.”

(9) NASA Technical Paper 2768 (1987)

In the User’s manual for LINEAR, a FORTRAN Program to Derive Linear Aircraft Models on page 12 it is written: ” “Within the program, the nonlinear equations of motion include 12 states representing a rigid aircraft flying in a stationary atmosphere over a flat non-rotating earth. On page 15, it is also written: “… flight dynamics of a rigid aircraft flying in a stationary atmosphere over non-rotating earth.

(10) NASA TM-100996 (1988)

On page 4 of the document Flight Testing a V/STOL Aircraft to Identify a Full-Envelope Aerodynamic Model it is written: “For aircraft problems, the state and measurement models together represent the kinematics of a rigid body for describing motion over a flat, nonrotating Earth.”

(11) NASA Reference Publication 1207 (1988)

Derivation and Definition of a Linear Aircraft Model is the most widely circulated document on the Internet, and it refers to “… aircraft of constant mass flying over a flat, nonrotating earth.

(12) NASA Contractor Report 186019 (1991)

“An Aircraft Model for the AIAA Controls Design Challenge “ on page 11 says: “The nonlinear equations of motion used in this model are general six-degree-of-freedom equations representing the flight dynamics of a rigid aircraft flying in a stationary atmosphere over a flat, nonrotating Earth.”

(13) NASA Technical Memorandum 104330 (1997)

On page 8 of Predicted Performance of a Thrust: Enhanced SR-71 Aircraft with an External Payload it is written: “The DPS equation of motion use for assumptions (…) nonturbulent atmosphere, (…) and nonrotating Earth.”

(14) Army Research Laboratory ARL-TR-2156 (2000)

In the ARL Army Research Laboratory document Path-Loss measurements in a Forested Environment at VHF, on page 10 it is written that “The expected transmission loss in decibels over a flat earth is given by …”.

(15) Army Research Laboratory ARL-TR-2352 (2001)

The document Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields Over Flat Earth, in addition to the concept of a flat Earth in the title, in the description of images 6 and 7 it is written: “Comparison of principal fields from an ideal dipole oriented perpendicular and horizontal to a homogeneous flat earth“.

(16) NASA TP-2002-210718 (2002)

In the document  Stability and Control Estimation Flight Test Results for the SR-71 Aircraft With Externally Mounted Experiments on pages 10 and 11 it is written: “These equations assume a rigid vehicle and a flat, nonrotating Earth.”

(17) NASA 20060053337 – (2006)

A document from 2006 entitled Singular Arc Time–Optimal Climb Trajectory of Aircraft in a Two-Dimensional Wind Field states that “the flight trajectory is strictly confined in a vertical plane on a non-rotating, flat earth.”

(18) Army Research Laboratory ARL-TR-5118 (2010)

In the document Adding Liquid Payloads to the 6-DOF Trajectory of Spinning Projectiles on page 1 it is written: “A 6-DOF rigid projectile model is employed to predict the dynamics of a projectile in flight. These equations assume a flat Earth.“

A comparison of the content of NASA sites, nasa.gov, NASA tv, NASA Live , filled with images of the round Earth, with the content of quoted documents filled with equations based on the flat Earth model, leads to the conclusion that there are two parallel and opposite concepts. Which one is manipulative and which one is real? Is it manipulative for the broad masses of the people, and real for the narrow scientific community? When asked what shape the Earth is, the overwhelming majority will answer that it is round, and that this is evidenced by images of the Earth from space. How these images are actually created and what, for example, NASA’s Hubble telescope is, see in the article entitled “Illusion of space, part 2: SOFIA, Hubble, satellite on a balloon, Internet in the sea…”

The post Flat Earth in Russian, Military, CIA and NASA documents appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

According to Barnes’ Notes on the Bible:

“The common representation is, that the heavens are stretched out as a curtain or tent, or sometimes as a solid concave sphere in which the heavenly bodies are fixed (see the notes at Isaiah 34:4), and that the earth is an immense plain, surrounded by water, which reached the concave heavens in which the stars were fixed. Occasionally, the earth is represented as supported by pillars, or as resting on a solid foundation; and once we meet with an intimation that it is globular, and suspended in space.”

The Earth is both, flat and round, the Vedas say

Michael Cremo – American independent researcher and alternative archaeologist, author of the books “Forbidden Archaeology: The Hidden History of Humankind” and “Human Devolution: The Vedic Alternative to Darwin’s Theory” – (you can listen to the full presentation here at 1:22:15) says:

According to the Jyotish Shastras – Vedic astronomical texts – the picture of the night sky and the Earth is very similar to the picture of modern science. Our observation of the sky is based on our own senses or aids such as telescopes. But the ability to perceive things as they are depends on our sensory capacities. At such a level of perception, the Jyotish Shastra describes the Earth as a sphere with dimensions similar to those calculated by modern science. But this is not a complete picture of reality.

With expanded perception, the same thing described as a sphere could also appear as a series of ring-shaped islands and oceans, as described in the fifth canto of the Shrimad Bhagavatam. The purpose of this description is to help us understand our place in the universe based on consciousness. However, the level of perception required to directly perceive this reality is not available to our current senses. Shrimad Bhagavatam gives this description from a source that has the ability to perceive this reality and convey it to us.

According to the flat representation, the Earth is the central island among 9 ring-shaped islands called Jambudvipa. The difference between the flat representation of the Earth given in Shrimad Bhagavatam, and the sphere, described in the Jyotish Shastras, can be seen as a mutual projection from different dimensional levels.

If we wanted to imagine a flat representation of the Earth, could that representation look something like this (image taken from here):

But let’s go back to the world we are told we know.

Flat Earth messages in movies

Many people do not know that the parallelism of the two Earth models comes from one and the same source. The first model, generally accepted by the vast majority of people, promotes the round and rotating Earth model in education and the media. Another model, the opposite of this first one, can be found in subliminal messages in movies, music, TV, and in government documents.

This link contains a video of flat Earth subliminal messages that have been shown for 57 years through 51 movies, music and TV shows, from 1960-2017 year.

In the movie Bone Tomahawk (2015), cowboys ride across a flat prairie. One of them says to the other:

“I know that the world’s supposed to be round but I’m not too sure about this part.”

In 2003, the Annals of Improbable Research published a shocking study that Kansas was flatter than a pancake. Geography professor Mark Fonstad from the University of Southwestern Texas is responsible for this . University of Kansas geography professor Jerome Dobson and his colleague Joshua Campbell from the State Department’s Bureau of Geography conducted a “geomorphometric analysis” and published the results in the article ” Flatness of American States ” in Geographical Review , a peer-reviewed journal of the American Geographical Society. The results showed that there are states flatter than Kansas. They ranked them according to flat, flatter and flattest marks and got a list of the 10 flattest states in the USA led by Florida (Florida, Illinois, North Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas, Texas, Nevada, Indiana).

Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is the largest salt flat in the world. According to wikipedia, its diameter is 129 km and the area is 10,582 kilometers or 4,086 square miles, and according to NASA it is approximately (!) 8,000 square kilometers or 3,100 square miles. The salt flat is so perfectly flat that if you stand at one end of it, you will see the other 160 km away, which is not possible according to Google’s curvature calculator. When 2.5 cm of rain falls, it becomes the largest natural mirror in the world.

How many perfect plains of 10,000 (or 8,000, as you prefer) square kilometers and America’s flattest states can fit on a globe? If all the plains that there are, except those listed, elsewhere in the world, were drawn on Google Earth’s perfect sphere, what would that sphere look like?

A clip from the movie The Giver (2014) shows a map on which a circle is drawn with broken lines, within which Community A, B and C live. The land that extends beyond the circle is visible. Along the dotted line on the outside it says “the outer edge” and “boundary of memory”.

In a clip from the movie A Few Good Men (1992), a heated conversation takes place between a military lawyer (Tom Cruise) and a colonel (Jack Nicholson). The colonel responds to the lawyer’s insistence on the truth:

“You can’t handle the truth. We live in a world that has walls and those walls must be guarded by men with guns.”

Where do “walls” begin and end? Let’s imagine that there is a possibility to freely explore what we are told is Antarctica. Its image on Google Earth gives the impression that it can be moved from one end to the other, but there is nowhere to go from it. If so, why does a military destroyer appear in front of you when you approach the 60th parallel without permission, as shown in the video at the end of this text ? What are researched by scientific communities that are “supported” by the military? That what is inside or outside the restricted zones, or both?

Let’s also imagine that we jumped over one of the thousands of kilometers of dog and rabbit fences in Australia, that the “system” didn’t locate us, we move freely in the opposite direction, away from the fence. Where could we meet at some point? On what is called Antarctica, or on the land unknown to us shown on the cartographer Urbano Monti’s map from 1587, on which there are cities in North America that should not be there at that time, and there is neither Antarctica nor Australia that should be there ?

If beyond the forbidden zones, the North and South Poles, the imaginary points of East and West, there is nothing to go to and nothing to come to us from, do “walls guarded by men with guns” make sense on a round Earth?

The book Worlds Beyond Poles (1959) by F. Amadeo Giannini – a summary of the most important parts of which can be viewed here , read in full here , or purchased here – describes the land routes from Earth to every land area of the universe about us which is all land . … Such routes extend from beyond the North and South Pole, so-called “ends” of the Earth, as decreed by theory. There is no northern or southern border of the Earth.

If Giannini is right when he says that behind the so-called “ends” of the Earth is a land full of human, animal and plant life, then “walls” make sense from the perspective of those who built them. If Giannini is right when he says that behind the so-called “ends” of the Earth there is land, ice, water, then again land, ice, water…, would we be able to find out what the Earth looks like in that case?

In the film Man in Black (1997) , there is a dialogue between Edwards (Will Smith) and Kay (Tommy Lee Jones):

Edwards: Why the big secret? People are smart. They can handle that.

Kay: The person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it. 1500 years ago, everybody knew that the Earth was the center of the universe. 500 years ago everybody knew the Earth was flat, and 15 minutes ago, you knew humans were alone on this planet. Imagine what you will know tomorrow. “

From the layers of meaning hidden in the dialogue, which does not mention the globe, the last sentence stands out – “Imagine what you will know tomorrow .” What does the message of this sentence refer to – a paradigm shift?

Something else is interesting here. Under each video that the algorithm recognizes as the so-called “flat Earth” Wikipedia puts the following warning:

“Flat Earth / Wikipedia – Flat Earth is an archaic and scientifically disproved conception of the Earth’s shape as a plane or disk. Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat Earth cosmography, notably including ancient Near Eastern cosmology. The model has undergone a recent resurgence as a conspiracy theory.”

When someone makes a video with clips from 51 movies (there are more than that number), made by “their” Hollywood, then under that video “their” Wikipedia puts a warning about flat Earth as a conspiracy theory. What is the “catch”? Can we recognize a similar or the same pattern elsewhere?

What do experts say about NASA’s use of a flat, non-rotating Earth model in the equations?

Along with other documents using the flat, non-rotating Earth model, NASA‘s 1988 Reference Publication 1207 – which refers to “… an aircraft of constant mass flying in a stationary atmosphere above a flat and non-rotating Earth ” – has been shared the most on the Internet and caused violent reaction.

In the article Flat Earth in Russian, military, CIA’s and NASA’s documents, which this article continues, 18 documents from the period 1948-2010 are presented, of which 13 are from NASA, 2 from the CIA, i.e. Russian, and 3 from Army Research Laboratories. All documents use a flat, non-rotating Earth model. The mentioned NASA Reference Publication 1207 can be seen under serial number 11, and the image of the cover and the page from which the quote is taken are also transferred here.

In regards to the internet backlash, here’s a question posed on physics.stackexchange.com : Why would NASA even model anything that references a flat Earth, if the Earth isn’t flat? Why would NASA even allow this to be published if it was false? Just because it says ‘Model’, doesn’t mean ‘Not for consumption’.  The following is the answer, dated December 8, 2022, which is partially transmitted:

Let’s be clear: The Earth is not flat (and it does rotate) and everyone at NASA is very much on board with that fact. But this report was written in 1988, when there weren’t any public-communications concerns about people who misinterpreting technical language, because the nonscientific flat-Earth theory was not a thing at the time. If the report was written now, the authors would likely take due care not to write in language that can give rise to misunderstandings if it is attacked by people intentionally looking for things to misinterpret. But it wasn’t written now: it is historical literature, and should be understood in its context.

However, the 18 years younger NASA’s document (serial number 17) from 2006 uses the same technical language and says that “… the flight trajectory is strictly confined in a vertical plane on a non-rotating, flat earth “. If we take into account the document (serial number 2) of Russian astrophysicists from 1957, which also uses the term ” flat Earth“, it follows that American (and Russian) scientists have been using the same technical language for more than half a century.

USA TODAY in a January 10, 2023 article titled “Fact check: NASA says Earth is a globe, uses ‘flat, non-rotating’ model in equations” also discusses the disputed NASA’s document. Experts say that ” the model of a flat, non-rotating Earth is a common technique for generalizing mathematical equations”, the text says.

The reports in  the post are real and use the term “flat, non-rotating earth.” They are not, however, evidence NASA believes in the flat Earth theory, said Robert Margetta, NASA’s public affairs officer. “These models are widely used, not only for computer applications but also for quick approximations.”

Hank Pernicka, director of Missouri Science and Technology’s Space Systems Engineering Laboratory, said this is common practice for aerospace engineers . It makes our modeling equations much easier to manage,” he said in an email to USA TODAY. If so, what does the harder way of managing equations look like?

Don Durston, an aerospace engineer at NASA’s Ames Research Center, explained that the NASA’s document is also “focused on short-range trajectories and motions”.“(The authors) don’t care what the Earth is doing below the plane and there is no need to include terms of the Earth’s rotation.“ If so, what kind of “trajectories and motions” are the two documents aimed at, one from 1997, the other from 2002 (serial number 13 and 16), about the SR-71 high-flying aircraft, which for its career flew at a speed of 3.2 Mach/h, i.e. at a speed greater than 3,675 km/h (1 Mach = 1,225 km/h ), also known as Blackbird, which was also used for “to film with an ultraviolet video camera, celestial objects in wavelenghts that are blocked to ground-based astronomers”?

Of the 13 NASA’s documents in the article cited above, 7 of them use the verb/noun assume/assumption in a context like this: “ the equation is based on the assumption of a flat, non-rotating Earth“. The other 6 documents talk about “an aircraft flying over a flat, non-rotating Earth “. In connection with the use of the verb/noun assume/assumption , the Cambridge Dictionary defines assume as “to accept something to be true without question or proof “; Oxfod Dictionary as “to think or accept that something is true but without having proof of it”. In that case, does the statement that “the expressions ‘flat, non-rotating earth’ … are not evidence that NASA believes in the flat earth theory ” contradict the meaning of the word assume?

When experts’ answers are highlighted such as: historical literature, common practice for engineers, generalization of mathematical equations, fast approximation, easier management of equations, unimportant what the Earth is doing under a flying airplane … what impression do you get? That these answers are actually answers in abstractions?

Do we know what we don’t know?

A document by Russian astrophysicists from 1948 (serial number 1, CIA-RPD80-00809A000600231031, declassified in 2011) in which it is said that “the shape of the Earth is unknown” is a real challenge to think.

If the conclusion from this document is compared with two contradictory statements:

ALBERT EINSTEIN (1922) – “The motion of the Earth cannot be detected by any optical experiment, though the Earth is revolving around the Sun. ” (How I Created the Theory of Relativity , Physics Today, Aug 1982)

USA TODAY (2023)- “Earth is a globe, NASA uses ‘flat and non-rotating model’ in equations .”

– will we come to the conclusion that ” the false science of our day takes for granted that we know what we cannot know, and that we cannot know the only thing we really know. “ – so writes the great Russian Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy in his essay On Life (here , p. 67), interpreting what Confucius said that “true knowledge consists in knowing what we know and not knowing what we do not know “ .

Now let’s try to use Tolstoy’s interpretation for the topic of this article and see what we get:

WE KNOW (that the Earth is a globe) WHAT WE CANNOT KNOW (what shape the Earth is) AND WE CANNOT KNOW THE ONLY THING WE REALLY KNOW (that the world we live in and over which NASA aircrafts fly is flat).

The post Are there “worlds beyond the poles” and is the shape of the Earth known? appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

Prema Barnesovim bilješkama o Bibliji:

„Uobičajeni prikaz je da su nebesa protegnuta poput zavjese ili šatora, ili ponekad kao čvrsta konkavna sfera u kojoj su nebeska tijela učvršćena (vidi bilješke u Izaiji 34:4), i da je zemlja golema ravnica, okružena vodom, koja je dosezala do konkavnih nebesa u kojima su zvijezde učvršćene. Povremeno se Zemlja prikazuje kao da je poduprta stupovima ili da počiva na čvrstom temelju; a jednom susrećemo nagovještaj da je kuglasta i da lebdi u prostoru.”

Zemlja je oboje, i ravna i okrugla, kažu Vede

Michael Cremo – američki nezavisni istraživač i alternativni arheolog, autor knjiga „Zabranjena arheologija: Skrivena povijest ljudske vrste” i „Ljudska devolocija: Vedska alternativa Darwinovoj teoriji” – (cijelo izlaganje možete poslušati ovdje u 1:22:15) kaže:

Prema Jyotish Shastrama – vedskim astronomskim tekstovima – slika noćnog neba i Zemlje vrlo je slična slici moderne znanosti. Naše se promatranje neba temelji na vlastitim osjetilima ili pomagalima poput teleskopa. Ali sposobnost da percipiramo stvari onakvima kakvima jesu ovisi o našim osjetilnim kapacitetima. Na takvoj razini percepcije Jyotish Shastra opisuje Zemlju kao kuglu s dimenzijama sličnim onima koje je izračunala moderna znanost. Ali to nije potpuna slika stvarnosti.

S proširenom percepcijom, ista stvar opisana kao kugla mogla bi se također pojaviti kao niz prstenastih otoka i oceana, kako je opisano u petom pjevanju Shrimad Bhagavatama. Svrha ovog opisa je pomoći nam da razumijemo svoje mjesto u svemiru temeljenom na svijesti. Međutim, razina percepcije potrebna za izravno opažanje ove stvarnosti nije dostupna našim trenutnim osjetilima. Shrimad Bhagavatam daje ovaj opis iz izvora koji ima sposobnost percipirati tu stvarnost i prenijeti je nama.

Prema ravnom prikazu Zemlja je središnji otok među 9 prstenastih otoka koji se naziva Jambudvipa. Razlika između ravnog prikaza Zemlje danog u Shrimad Bhagavatamu, i kugle, opisane u Jyotish Shastrama, može se promatrati kao međusobna projekcija s različitih dimenzijskih razina.

Ako bismo željeli zamisliti ravni prikaz Zemlje, bi li taj prikaz mogao izgledati približno ovako (slika preuzeta ovdje):

Ali vratimo se u svijet za koji nam je rečeno da ga poznajemo.

Mnogi ljudi ne znaju da paralelizam dvaju modela Zemlje potječe iz jednog te istog izvora. Prvi model, opće prihvaćen u ogromne većine ljudi, promiče model okrugle i rotirajuće Zemlje u obrazovanju i medijima. Drugi pak model, suprotan ovom prvom, nalazimo u subliminarnim porukama u filmovima, glazbi, TV-u, i u vladinim dokumentima.

Poruke o ravnoj Zemlji u filmovima

Na ovoj poveznici nalazi se video sa subliminarnim porukama o ravnoj zemlji koje se prikazuju punih 57 godina kroz 51 film, glazbu i TV emisije, u razdoblju od 1960-2017. godine.

U filmu Bone Tomahawk – Ratna sjekira (2015) kauboji jašu ravnom prerijom. Jedan od njih kaže drugome:

“I know that the world’s supposed to be round but I’am not too sure about this part.” – “Znam da bi svijet trebao biti okrugao ali nisam baš siguran u svezi s ovim dijelom.”

Godine 2003. Annals of Improbable Research objavio je šokantnu studiju da je Kansas ravniji od palačinke. Za to je zaslužan profesor geografije Mark Fonstad sa Sveučilišta Južnozapadnog Teksasa. Profesor geografije sa Sveučilišta u Kansasu Jerome Dobson i njegov kolega Joshua Campbel iz Geografskog ureda State Departmenta proveli su „geomorfometrijsku analizu” i rezultate objavili u članku „Ravnost američkih država” u Geographical Reviewu, recenziranom časopisu Američkog geografskog društva. Rezultati su pokazali da ima država ravnijih od Kansasa. Rangirali su ih prema ravnim, ravnijim i najravnijim oznakama i dobili listu od 10 najravnijih država u SAD-u predvođenih Floridom (Florida, Illinois, Sjeverna Dakota, Louisiana, Minnesota, Delaware, Kansas, Texas, Nevada, Indiana).

Salar de Uyuni u Boliviji najveća je slana ravnica na svijetu. Prema wikipedia promjer joj je 129 km i površina 10.582 kilometra ili 4.086 četvornih milja, a prema NASA-i otprilike (!) 8.000 četvornih kilometara ili 3.100 četvornih milja. Slana ravnica toliko je savršeno ravna da ako stojite na jednom njezinu kraju, vidjet ćete drugi udaljen od vas 160 km, a to nije moguće prema Googleovu kalkulatoru zakrivljenosti. Kad padne 2,5 cm kiše, ona postaje najvećim prirodnim zrcalom na svijetu.

Koliko savršenih ravnica od 10.000 (ili 8.000, kako želite) četvornih kilometara i američkih najravnijih država može stati na kuglu? Ako bi se na Google Earthovu savršenu kuglu ucrtale sve ravnice kojih ima, osim nabrojanih, i drugdje po svijetu, kako bi ta kugla mogla izgledati?

Isječak iz filma The Giver – Davatelj (2014) prikazuje kartu na kojoj je isprekidanim linijama ucrtan krug unutar kojeg živi Zajednica A, B i C. Vidljivo je kopno koje se prostire izvan kruga. Uz isprekidanu liniju s vanjske strane piše „the outer edge“ – „vanjski rub“ i „boundary of memory“ – „granica sjećanja“.

U isječku iz filma A Few Good Men – Malo dobrih ljudi (1992) vodi se žestok razgovor između vojnog pravnika (Tom Cruise) i pukovnika (Jack Nicholson). Na inzistiranje pravnika na istini pukovnik odgovara:

„Ti se ne možeš nositi s istinom. Mi živimo u svijetu koji ima zidove i te zidove moraju čuvati muškarci s oružjem.“

Gdje počinju, a gdje završavaju „zidovi“? Zamislimo da postoji mogućnost slobodnog istraživanja onoga što nam je rečeno da je Antarktik. Njegova slika na Google Earthu ostavlja dojam da se po njemu može kretati s jednog kraja na drugi, ali se s njega nema kamo otići. Ako je tako, zašto se pred vama pojavljuje vojni razarač kad se bez dozvole približite 60-toj paraleli, kako to pokazuje video potkraj ovog teksta? Što istražuju znanstvene zajednice kojima pruža “podršku” vojska? Ono što se nalazi unutar ili izvan zabranjenih zona, ili oboje?

Zamislimo također da smo preskočili jednu od tisuće kilometara dugačkih psećih i zečjih ograda u Australiji, da nas „sistem” nije locirao, slobodno se krećemo u suprotnom smjeru, daleko od ograde. Gdje bismo se u nekom trenutku mogli naći? Na onome što se naziva Antarktikom, ili na nama nepoznatom kopnu prikazanom na karti kartografa Urbana Montija iz 1587. godine na kojoj u Sjevernoj Americi ima gradova kojih tamo u to vrijeme ne bi trebalo biti, a nema ni Antarktika niti Australije kojih bi tamo trebalo biti?

Ako iza zabranjenih zona, Sjevernog i Južnog pola, zamišljenih točaka Istoka i Zapada, ne postoji ništa kamo bi se moglo otići i ništa otkud bi se moglo k nama doći, imaju li „zidovi koje moraju čuvati muškarci s oružjem“ smisla na okrugloj Zemlji?

Knjiga Worlds Beyond Poles – Svjetovi iza polova (1959) autora F. Amadea Gianninija – čiji se kratak prikaz najvažnijih dijelova može pogledati ovdje, u cijelosti čitati ovdje, ili kupiti ovdje – opisuje kopnene puteve od Zemlje do svih područja univerzuma oko nas koji je sav kopno. … Ovi putevi se prostiru izvan Sjevernog i Južnog pola, tzv. „krajeva“ Zemlje, kako nalaže teorija. Nema sjeverne ili južne granice Zemlje.

Ako je Giannini u pravu kad kaže da se iza tzv. krajeva Zemlje prostire kopno puno ljudskog, životinjskog i biljnog života, onda „zidovi“ imaju smisla iz perspektive onih koji su ih izgradili. Ako je Giannini u pravu kad kaže da se iza tzv. krajeva Zemlje prostire kopno, led, voda, pa opet kopno, led, voda …, bismo li u tom slučaju mogli saznati kako izgleda Zemlja?

U filmu Man in Black – Ljudi u crnom (1997) vodi se dijalog između Edwardsa (Will Smith) i Kaya (Tommy Lee Jones):

Edwards: Zašto velika tajna? Ljudi su pametni. Ono to mogu podnijeti.

Kay: Osoba je pametna. Ljudi su glupe, panično opasne životinje i vi to znate. Prije 1500 godina svi su znali da je Zemlja središte svemira. Prije 500 godina svi su znali da je Zemlja ravna, a prije 15 minuta znali ste da su ljudi sami na ovom planetu. Zamislite što ćete znati sutra.“

Iz slojevitosti značenja skrivenog u dijalogu, u kojem se ne spominje globus, izdvaja se zadnja rečenica – “Zamislite što ćete znati sutra.” Na što se odnosi poruka ove rečenice – na promjenu paradigme?

Još je nešto ovdje zanimljivo. Ispod svakog videa koji algoritam prepozna kao tzv. “ravnozemljaški” Wikipedia stavlja sljedeće upozorenje:

“Ravna Zemlja / Wikipedia – Ravna Zemlja je arhaična i znanstveno opovrgnuta koncepcija Zemljinog oblika kao ravnine ili diska. Mnoge su drevne kulture pristajale na kozmografiju ravne Zemlje, posebice uključujući drevnu bliskoistočnu kozmologiju. Model je nedavno doživio ponovno oživljavanje kao teorija zavjere.”

Kad netko napravi video s isječcima iz 51 filma (ima ih više od tog broja), koje je snimio “njihov” Hollywood, tada ispod tog videa “njihova” wikipedia stavlja upozorenje o ravnoj Zemlji kao teoriji zavjere. U čemu je “kvaka”? Možemo li sličan ili isti obrazac prepoznati i drugdje?

Što kažu stručnjaci o NASA-inu korištenju modela ravne, nerotirajuće Zemlje u jednadžbama?

Uz druge dokumente koji koriste model ravne, nerotirajuće Zemlje, NASA-ina Referentna publikacija 1207 iz 1988. godine – koja se odnosi na “… zrakoplov konstantne mase koji leti u stacionarnoj atmosferi iznad ravne i nerotirajuće zemlje” – najviše je dijeljena po internetu i izazvala je burnu reakciju.

U članku Ravna Zemlja u ruskim, vojnim, CIA-nim i NASA-inim dokumentima, na koji se nastavlja ovaj članak, prikazano je 18 dokumenata iz razdoblja 1948-2010, od kojih je 13 NASA-nih, 2 CIA-ina, tj. ruska, i 3 Vojno istraživačkog laboratorija (Army Research Laboratory). Svi dokumenti koriste model ravne, nerotirajuće Zemlje. Spomenuta NASA-ina Referentna publikacija 1207 vidljiva je pod rednim brojem 11, a sliku naslovnice i stranice s koje se preuzima citat prenosimo i ovdje.

U svezi s burnom reakcijom na internetu, evo pitanja postavljenog na stranici physics.stackexchange.com: Zašto bi NASA uopće modelirala bilo što što spominje ravnu Zemlju, ako Zemlja zapravo nije ravna? Zašto bi NASA uopće dopustila da se ovo objavi ako je lažno? Samo zato što piše ‘Model’, ne znači ‘Nije za korištenje’. Slijedi odgovor, dan 8. prosinca 2022. godine, koji se djelomično prenosi:

Da budemo jasni: Zemlja nije ravna (i rotira) i svi u NASA-i se slažu s tom činjenicom. Ali ovo je izvješće napisano 1988., kada nije bilo nikakvih zabrinutosti u javnom komuniciranju s ljudima koji krivo tumače tehnički jezik, jer neznanstvena teorija zavjere o ravnoj Zemlji u to vrijeme nije bila u pitanju. Da je izvješće napisano sada, autori bi vjerojatno pazili da ne pišu jezikom koji može dovesti do nesporazuma ako ga napadaju ljudi koji namjerno traže stvari koje bi mogli pogrešno protumačiti. Ali nije napisana sada: to je povijesna literatura i treba je shvatiti u svom kontekstu.

Međutim, 18 godina mlađi NASA-in dokument (redni broj 17) iz 2006. godine služi se istim tehničkim jezikom pa kaže da “… je putanja leta strogo ograničena u vertikalnoj ravni na nerotirajućoj, ravnoj Zemlji“. Ako uzmemo u obzir dokument (redni broj 2) ruskih astrofizičara iz 1957. godine koji također koristi pojam “ravne Zemlje“, proizlazi da se američki (i ruski) znanstvenici služe istim tehničkim jezikom više od pola stoljeća.

USA TODAY u članku od 10. siječnja 2023. godine pod naslovom „Provjera činjenica: NASA kaže da je Zemlja globus, koristi „ravni i nerotirajući” model u jednadžbama” također diskutira o spornom NASA-inu dokumentu. Stručnjaci kažu da “je model ravne, nerotirajuće Zemlje uobičajena tehnika generaliziranja matematičkih jednadžbi“, piše u tekstu.

Izvješća u postu su stvarni i koriste izraz “ravna, nerotirajuća zemlja.” Oni, međutim, nisu dokaz da NASA vjeruje u teoriju ravne Zemlje, rekao je Robert Margetta, NASA-in službenik za odnose s javnošću. Ovi se modeli naširoko koriste, ne samo za računalne aplikacije već i za brze aproksimacije.

Hank Pernicka , direktor Laboratorija za inženjering svemirskih sustava Missouri Science and Technology, rekao je da je ovo uobičajena praksa za inženjere zrakoplovstva. To čini naše jednadžbe modeliranja mnogo lakšim za upravljanje“, rekao je u e-poruci USA TODAY. Ako je tako, kako izgleda teži način upravljanja jednadžbama?

Don Durston, zrakoplovni inženjer u NASA-inu istraživačkom centru Ames, objasnio je da je NASA-in dokument također “usmjeren na putanju i kretanje kratkog dometa“. “(Autori) ne mare što Zemlja radi ispod zrakoplova i nema potrebe uključivati ​​pojmove o Zemljinoj rotaciji.” Ako je tako, na kakvu su “putanju i kretanje” usmjerena dva dokumenta, jedan iz 1997., drugi iz 2002. (redni broj 13 i 16), o visokoletećem zrakoplovu SR-71 koji je za svoje karijere letio brzinom od 3,2 Macha/h, tj. brzinom većom od 3.675 km/h (1 Mach = 1.225 km/h), poznatim još i kao Blackbird – Crna ptica, koji se koristio i za “snimanje ultraljubičastom video kamerom nebeskih objekata u valnim duljinama koje su blokirane zemaljskim astronomima”?

Od 13 NASA-nih dokumenata u gore citiranom članku 7 ih koristi glagol/imenicu assume/assumption u kontekstu poput ovog: “jednadžba se temelji na pretpostavci ravne, nerotirajuće Zemlje“. U ostalih 6 dokumenata govori se o “zrakoplovu koji leti iznad ravne, nerotirajuće Zemlje“. U svezi s korištenjem glagola/imenice assume/assumption (pretpostaviti/pretpostavka) Cambridge Dictionary definira assume kao “prihvatiti nešto da je istina bez pitanja ili dokaza” (“to accept something to be true without question or proof“); Oxfod Dictionary kao “misliti ili prihvatiti nešto da je istina ali bez posjedovanja dokaza” (“to think or accept that something is true but without having proof“). U tom slučaju, proturiječi li značenju riječi assume izjava da “izrazi ‘ravna, nerotirajuća zemlja’ … nisu dokaz da NASA vjeruje u teoriju ravne Zemlje“?

Kad se istaknu odgovori stručnjaka poput: povijesna literatura, uobičajena praksa za inženjere, generaliziranje matematičkih jednadžbi, brza aproksimacija, lakše upravljanje jednadžbama, nevažnost što radi Zemlja ispod letećeg zrakoplova … kakav se stječe dojam? Da su ti odgovori – zapravo odgovori u apstrakcijama?

Znamo li ono što ne znamo?

Dokument ruskih astrofizičara iz 1948. godine (redni broj 1, CIA-RPD80-00809A000600231031, deklasificiran 2011. ) u kojem se kaže da “oblik Zemlje nije poznat” pravi je izazov za razmišljanje.

Ako se zaključak iz ovog dokumenta stavi u suodnos s dvjema proturječnim izjavama:

ALBERT EINSTEIN (1922) – “Kretanje Zemlje ne može se otkriti nikakvim optičkim eksperimentom, iako se Zemlja okreće oko Sunca.” (Kako sam stvorio teoriju relativnosti, Physics Today, Aug 1982.)

USA TODAY (2023)- “Zemlja je globus, NASA koristi ‘ravni i nerotirajući model’ u jednadžbama.”

– hoćemo li doći do zaključka da “lažna znanost naših dana uzima zdravo za gotovo da mi znamo ono što ne možemo znati, i da ne možemo znati jedinu stvar koju stvarno znamo.“ – tako piše ruski velikan Lav Nikolajevič Tolstoj u svom eseju O životu (ovdje, str. 67), tumačeći ono što je rekao Konfučije da “se pravo znanje sastoji u tome da znamo ono što znamo, a da ne znamo ono što ne znamo”.

Pokušajmo sada Tolstojevo tumačenje iskoristiti za temu ovog članka i pogledajmo što ćemo dobiti:

MI ZNAMO (da je Zemlja globus) ONO ŠTO NE MOŽEMO ZNATI (kojeg je oblika Zemlja) I NE MOŽEMO ZNATI JEDINU STVAR KOJU STVARNO ZNAMO (da je svijet u kojem živimo i iznad kojeg lete NASA-ini zrakoplovi – ravan).

The post Postoje li “svjetovi iza polova” i je li oblik Zemlje poznat? appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.

Ilustracije radi, s obzirom da su danas oči svijeta usmjerene na Gazu, pogledajmo usporedbu stihova Sudci 1,18-19 u novim verzijama Biblije, uključujući Verziju Kralja Jamesa (KJV). Sve verzije citirane na ovoj stranici, osim verzije MSG, kažu da je Juda osvojio Gazu. Nova internacionalna verzija (NIV) također kaže da je Juda osvojio Gazu, ali u napomeni navodi, kao što se vidi na slici, da Hebrejska Biblija i Septuaginta (u značenju prijevod sedamdesetorice) kažu da „Juda nije zauzeo“ (Juda did not take). Hrvatska verzija Biblije iz 1969. (izdanje Stvarnost, Zagreb, str. 193) sukladna je Hebrejskoj i Septuaginti pa kaže: „Juda nije uspio zauzeti Gaze s njenim područjem …“.

Vratimo se Bibliji iz 1775. godine.

Biblijski kalendar iz 1775. otkriva da je prvi mjesec u godini ožujak, a nedjelja prvi dan u tjednu što je u suprotnosti sa suvremenim kalendarom. I upravo je to otkriće izazov za razumijevanje koliko su se ljudi udaljili od prirodnih ciklusa i duhovnosti. I ne samo da je godina započinjala židovskim mjesecem nisanom koji pokriva dio ožujka i dio travnja, već je i godina imala 13 mjeseci. I onda je „netko“ donio odluku da 13-mjesečni kalendar, koji je bio prirodno usklađen s mjesečevim ciklusima, baci u zaborav. Također, nekome je smetala podudarnost početka nove godine s proljećem i buđenjem novog života u prirodi. Upravo zato što su 13.-ti mjesec integrirali u 12-mjesečni kalendar, naš suvremeni kalendar ne samo da nije usklađen s lunarnim ciklusima za gotovo jedan dan svakog mjeseca, već je utjecao na udaljavanje ljudi od prirodnih obrazaca koji utječu na poljoprivredu, zdravlje i duhovnost.

Međutim, ako se broj 52, toliko u godini ima tjedana, podijeli s brojem 4, toliko u mjesecu ima tjedana, dobije se broj 13.

Krenimo redom, otkrijmo značenja imena dana u tjednu, značenja imena mjeseci i ponešto o kalendarima.

Imena dana u tjednu

Nordijska imena dana u tjednu inspirirana su rimskim imenima prema Suncu i Mjesecu i pet planeta koji su ujedno bili i bogovi i planeti. U nordijskim zemljama sunčev i mjesečev dan postali su prva dva dana u tjednu. Rimski su bogovi zamijenjeni nordijskim srodnicima pa je tako Mars postao Tyr (Tuesday), Merkur je postao Woden (Wednesday), Jupiter je postao Thor (Thursday) itd.

Rimski car Konstantin prihvatio je sedmodnevni tjedan za službenu upotrebu 321. godine, čime je Sunčev dan ili Dan sunca, lat. dies Solis, eng. Sunday, postao zakonskim praznikom. Iako zaslužan da kršćanska religija postane zakonitom i jednakom s drugim religijama, pokrstio se tek na samrti. Ovdje moramo učiniti malu digresiju jer obožavanje sunca nije počelo tada i ima dublje značenje od onog što se uobičajeno misli.

Obožavanje sunca ide duboko u prošlost – 5.000 godina unatrag, toliko se može ustanoviti prema dostupnim zapisima. Na slici lijevo artefakt star oko 4.500 godina pronađen je u Engleskoj. Drevni narodi, vidjevši da izlazeće sunce stvara 4 zrake u obliku križa (slika u sredini), crtali su diljem svijeta na kamenu, stijeni ili u pećini simbole sunca u obliku kruga i jednakostraničnog križa unutar kruga. Usporedite prve dvije slike s onim što nosi Papa i zaključite sami ima li povezanosti.

Sljedeće slike pokazuju zanimljivu usporedbu: drevnog petroglifa simbola sunca na kamenu i 80. obljetnice Paneuropa-Unije (80 Jahre Paneuropa-Union in der Wiener Hofburg, 14.04.2002.)

Kako u drevna vremena, tako i danas. Ali, vratimo se imenima dana …

Iako su Slaveni imali svoja božanstva, neki slavenski bogovi imaju svoje srodnike kod nordijskih, rimskih, grčkih i keltskih bogova. Primjer tome je Perun, bog groma i munje, gromovnik, vrhovno božanstvo u panteonu slavenskih bogova. U dijalektu se obodritskih Slavena u Njemačkoj četvrtak naziva Perundan, prema njemačkom Donnerstag, engleskom Thursday od nordijskog Thora, latinskom dies Iovis (Jupiter), grčkom Zeusu ili keltskom Taranisu,  svi u značenju „Gromovnikov dan“.

Slavenski narodi nisu davali imena danima u tjednu prema bogovima ili planetima. Dan je dobio ime po mjestu u tjednu u odnosu na nedjelju: po nedjelji ili poslije nedjelje, drugi dan, sredina, četvrti dan, peti dan, s iznimkom subote koja potječe od hebr. Sabbat i koju će Slaveni dodati tjednu prelaskom na kršćanstvo. Možda je to povezano s hebrejskim brojanjem dana: Jom Rišon – pvi dan, Jom Šeni – drugi dan, Jom Šliši – treći dan pa sve tako do Jom Šabata koji nije sedmi dan, već dan odmora.

Promatrajući imena dana u tjednu vidi se da sam jezik daje dokaz da je nekoć u Slavena nedjelja bila prvim danom tjedna. Rusija je, primjerice, prihvatila gregorijanski kalendar tek 1918. godine (ne i pravoslavna crkva), ali je nedjelja bila prvim danom tjedna čak i u prvim godinama Sovjetskog saveza.

Pretpostavlja se da su Slaveni poznavali mjesec koji sadrži pet tjedana po šest dana, ukupno 30 dana, što se dobro slagalo s razdobljem izmjena svih četiriju mjesečevih mijena koje traje 29,53 dana.

Kao što je slučaj s imenima dana u tjednu, jednako je tako i sa starim nazivima mjeseci u slavenskim jezicima koji su se zadržali do danas. Slavenska imena mjeseci slikovito opisuju događaje u prirodi potvrđujući na taj način da su stari Slaveni bili usklađeni s prirodnim obrascima. Iz priložene tablice vidljivo je da je u nekim jezicima određeni mjesec pomaknut prije/kasnije, primjerice lipanj, mjesec cvjetanja lipe, jer zbog klimatskih uvjeta lipa cvjeta ranije na jugu (Hrvatska), a kasnije na sjeveru (Poljska).

Stara imena mjeseci u slavenskim jezicima koja su se i danas zadržala

Imena mjeseci po kalendarima

Drugi stupac pokazuje da je starorimski kalendar prije reforme započinjao s ožujkom (martom) i da je godina imala 10 mjeseci. Također, vidljiva je usklađenost mjeseci, s izuzetkom 13.-og mjeseca, između starorimskog i biblijskog kalendara (usporedi stupac 2 i 4) koji navodi hebrejska imena, a ovi posljednji imaju svoje babilonske analoge, navodi wikipedia.

Prema Juliji Neuhoffer, “Mjesec u kojem su Izraelci izašli iz Egipta određen je za prvi mjesec godine. Nazvan je abib, “mjesec klasanja” žita. Bio je to proljetni mjesec u kojem je počinjala žetva u Palestini. Kasnije je nazvan nisan, kako je poznat i do današnjeg dana (Izl 23,15; 34,18; Pon 16,1; Est 3,7)” . Zanimljivo, iako je nisan prvi mjesec, židovska nova godina započinje u rujnu.

Uvidjevši da mu nedostaje 60 dana stari je Rim kalendaru naknadno dodao dva mjeseca: januar, prema rimskome bogu Janusu, bogu početka i kraja, i februar, prema starorimskom festivalu čišćenja Februa. Mart je dobio ime po Marsu, rimskome bogu rata. April potječe od lat. Aprilis, Aprilis pak od lat. aperire u značenju “otvoriti” (cvjetove u proljeće). Maj potječe od imena grčke božice Maia; Jun je dobio ime po rimskoj božici Juno, božici braka i rođenja. Od petog do desetog mjeseca imena su davana prema latinskim rednim brojevima: quintilis u značenju “peti”, sextilis u značenju “šesti”, septem u značenju “sedmi”, octo u značenju “osmi”, novem u značenju “deveti” i decem u značenju “deseti”. Godine 44. p. n. e. quintilis će postati julius po rimskom državniku Juliju Cezaru, a godine 8. p. n. e. sextilis će postati augustus prema rimskome caru Augustusu. Zanimljivo, februar je dodan na kraj godine jer se kao “mjesec čišćenja” činio dobrim načinom da se kaže zbogom starom i najavi novo.

Zašto je prema Biblijskom kalendaru iz 1775. godine godina započinjala s mjesecem March / April (ožujak / travanj) i zašto je primjerice September (rujan) dobio ime po rimskom rednom broju “septem” (seventh / sedmi)? Pogledajmo.

Prvi znak u Zodijaku je Aries / Ovan. S njim sve započinje. Ako slijedite brojeve u unutarnjem krugu u smjeru suprotnom od kazaljke na satu, vidjet ćete da je sedmi po redu znak Libra / Vaga koji započinje s mjesecem September / Rujan.

Godine 46. pr. Kr. Julije Cezar je odredio da se ispravi nastala razlika dodavanjem dvaju umetaka: nakon 23. veljače dodana su 23 dana, a između studenog i prosinca dodano je 67 dana. Julijanski kalendar trajao je do uvođenja novog gregorijanskog kalendara prema odluci pape Grgura XIII. bulom Inter gravissimas 1582. godine. Nisu sve države prihvatile novi, gotovo čisto solarni gregorijanski kalendar (za razliku od lunisolarnog hebrejskog kalendara koji mjesece definira prema mjesečevim, a godine prema sunčevim ciklusima). Sve su ga katoličke države gotovo odmah prihvatile, protestantske su ga zemlje počele uvoditi početkom 1700-tih, a druge zemlje kako slijedi: Japan 1873., Egipat 1875., Kina 1912., Turska 1924.

Govoreći o gregorijanskom kalendaru po kojem danas živimo važno je istaknuti neke njegove karakteristike. Prvo, on je ugovoran. Drugo, osim što ima nejednaki broj dana u mjesecu (30, 31, 28, 29), on je mehanički jer funkcionira poput mehanizma na ruci ili zidu. Svaki dan u godini, svaki sat i svaka minuta u danu determinirani su. Ukratko, kalendar po kojemu živimo ne može pratiti prirodne ritmove jer je prediktivno programiran.

Zanimljivo, 25 godina nakon što su Velika Britanija i njezini posjedi (uključujući dijelove onoga što su danas Sjedinjene Države) usvojili gregorijanski kalendar 1752. godine, tj. 170 godina poslije bule Grgura XIII., verzija Biblije Kralja Jamesa iz 1775. godine navodi da godina počinje sa židovskim mjesecem nisanom, odnosno ožujkom/travnjem (martom/aprilom).

S obzirom da smo spomenuli da hebrejski nazivi mjeseci imaju svoje babilonske analoge, pogledajmo imena mjeseci (akad. arah mjesec) u babilonskom kalendaru u usporedbi s hebrejskim i arapskim s područja Iraka, Sirije, Palestine, Libanona, Jordana:

Babilonski kalendar

Ponešto o podrijetlu imena Babilon

Wikipedija kaže da je Babilon latinski prikaz grčkog Babylon izveden iz izvornog, babilonskog Babilim, što znači “vrata bogova”. U hebrejskoj Bibliji ime se pojavljuje kao Babel, u klasičnom sirijskom Babel, njemačkom Babel, turskom Babil …

Pogledajmo što o tome kažu stare karte.

Karta Kaira iz 1599. godine, dvojice autora Georgea Bruna i Fransa Hogenberga, dostupnoj ovdje, prikazuje umjesto 3, prema službenom narativu, 12 piramida i nosi znakovit naslov na latinskom jeziku “Cairus, quae olim Babylon; Aegypti Maxima Urbs” koji u prijevodu znači “Kairo, raniji Babilon, bio je vrlo velik grad u Egiptu”.

Stare karte prikazuju Babiloniju i u Iraku i u Kairu. Službeni narativ o ovoj drugoj Babiloniji šuti. Više o tome možete pročitati ovdje.

Karta Kaira iz 1600. godine sadrži opis na njemačkom jeziku koji završava rečenicom „Das gewaltige Reich von Babylonia“ ili „Moćno kraljevstvo Babilonije“,

Karta Kaira iz 1890. godine još uvijek pokazuje Babilon naspram Gize, a poslije nestaje s karata.

Karta iz 1170. godine, nastala u vrijeme Saladina, egipatskog i sirijskog sultana, koju se može pronaći na wikipedijinoj stranici, sadrži arapske uz suvremene engleske nazive koji su očito naknadno umetnuti.

Karta prikazuje grad unutar čijih se zidina nalaze palače, džamija, turska četvrt, grčka četvrt … Zidina ima 11 gradskih vrata, svaka od njih ima svoje ime koje se sastoji od Bab (vrata) + el (od) + „ime“: Bab-el Futuh, Bab-el Faraj, Bab-el Katara … Na dnu karte vidimo „dvorac Babilon“ (Castle of Babylon / Kasr esh-Shema’) …

Ima li povezanosti između kalendara i suvremenih događaja?

U članku Washington Posta od 22. kolovoza 2004. godine pod naslovom “Je li 11. rujna trebao biti 18. rujna?” (“Was 9/11 supposed to be 9/18?”) autora Kennetha M. Quinna piše:

„U duhu poziva Komisije za 11. rujna na veću “maštovitost” u analizi obavještajnih podataka, postoji jak argument da izvorni plan Al Qaide nije bio napad na New York i Washington u utorak, 11. rujna, već tjedan dana kasnije, u utorak, 18. rujna — na dan kada je 2001. godine pala Rosh Hashanah, židovska Nova godina.“

Onaj tko je pogledao izlaganje dr. Judy Wood u ovom videu pod naslovom “Gdje su nestali tornjevi?” (“Where did the towers go?”) ili pročitao njezinu knjigu pod istoimenim naslovom, taj je shvatio da je “11. rujna” bio čisti “posao iznutra”. Dr. Wood je iznijela dokaze da su se još u zraku djelovanjem “prodorne” ili “usmjerene energije” tornjevi doslovce pretvorili u prašinu. Jedan milijun i dvjesto tisuća tona građevnog materijala uništeno je na taj način da na tlu nije bilo nikakvih ruševina, niti ostataka ljudskih tijela, samo prašina. Proces prašinizacije (eng. dustification) nije mogao biti uzrokovan udarom zrakoplova.

U ovom videu prikazane su prediktivno programirane poruke o “11. rujna”, kroz dugo razdoblje od 52 godine, na više od 60 mjesta, u filmovima, crtićima, posterima, naslovnicama knjiga, časopisa, albuma, i to u razdoblju od 1949. godine, 19 godina prije no što će se tornjevi početi graditi (1968.), pa do 2001. godine kad će jednostavno “nestati” u 33. godini postojanja. Od tih 60 primjera, izdvojit ćemo dva: (1) govor (13:41) iz filma “Dugi poljubac za laku noć” (1996): „Nemam ideju kako lažirati ubijanje 4.000 ljudi. Tako da, hoćemo li to morati učiniti za stvarno? Krivnju svaliti na muslimane, naravno…“; (2) na naslovnici (20:09) New York Magazina iz 2001., kratko vrijeme prije događaja, gdje piše: „Nekretnine 2001, Ima li života poslije buma [eksplozije]?“ sa simbolizmom jednog oka.

Vratimo se ponovo kalendaru.

Prema hebrejskom kalendaru Nova godina ili Roš Hašana pada u mjesecu Elulu, odnosno rujnu (septembru). Pogledajmo kako za taj mjesec izgleda kalendar 2023.-2024. Nova godina 2024. ili Roš Hašana 5784. pala je na 15. rujna (septembra).

Etiopski kalendar zasnovan je na aleksandrijskom, odnosno koptskom kalendaru koji potiče od starog egipatskog kalendara. Prvi dan etiopske godine pada na 11. rujna, odnosno 12. rujna pred julijansku prestupnu godinu.

Hebrejska Nova godina 2026. godine ili Roš Hašana 5787. pada na 11 rujna (septembra). Neobično, zar ne?

U knjizi Mitovi, laži i ratovi za naftu William Engdahl je zapisao:

„U rujnu 2001. godine nakon rušenja tornjeva … predsjednik George W. Bush objavio je rat Sjedinjenih Američkih Država protiv terorizma nazvavši ga ‘novim križarskim ratom‘ …“ (Zagreb, Profil knjiga, 2012., str. 8)

Ako je stari Rim stavio na kraj godine veljaču, “mjesec čišćenja, kao dobar način za reći zbogom starom i najaviti novo”, je li predsjednik Bush, odnosno u pozadini nevidljivi arhitekt svih psiholoških operacija, kojeg ne poznajemo ni likom niti imenom, odabrao rujan kao prikladan mjesec za reći zbogom starom i najaviti novo razdoblje u kojem će se događaji usmjereni protiv čovjeka ubrzano multiplicirati?

The post Od drevnih kalendara i Biblije iz 1775. godine do “11. rujna”… appeared first on Blog Đurđice Antolić.